V olume 3. Types of Cancer in General

Chapter 1. Types of Cancer

T ypes of Cancer 1

Cancer, also called malignancy, is characterized by an abnormal growth of cells. Here is a list of names of nearly all types of cancers which can effect the human body including breast, skin, lung, colon, prostate and lymphoma.

Cancer, also called malignancy, is characterized by an abnormal growth of cells. There are more than 100 types of cancer, including breast cancer, skin cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer and lymphoma.

Cancer symptoms vary widely based on the type of cancer. Cancer treatment includes chemotherapy, radiation and surgery.

Some types of cancer are as follows. You can find information about each at:

cancer.org

800-acs-2345

cancernet.

cancertrials.

800-4cancer

800-332-8615, tty.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Adult

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Childhood

Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult

Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Childhood

Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Childhood

Adrenocortical carcinoma.

Adult Hodgkin's disease.

Adult soft tissue sarcoma.

AIDS related lymphoma.

AIDS-Related Cancers

AIDS-Related Lymphoma

Anal Cancer

Appendix Cancer

Astrocytoma, Childhood Cerebellar

Astrocytoma, Childhood Cerebral

Basal Cell Carcinoma, see Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma)

Bile Duct Cancer, Extrahepatic

Bladder Cancer

Bone Cancer

Brain/Spinal Tumor

Breast Cancer

Cervical Cancer Colon Cancer

Endometrial Cancer

Esophageal Cancer

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Kidney Cancer

Larynx Cancer

Leukemia

Liver Cancer

Malignant Neoplasm

Mesothelioma

Mouth Cancer

Multiple Myeloma

Neuro endocrine Cancer Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Oral Cancer

Osteogenic Sarcoma

Ovarian Cancer

Pancreatic Cancer

Prostate Cancer

Rectal Cancer

Sarcoma

Small Cell Lung Cancer

Stomach Cancer

Testicular Cancer

Throat Cancer

Thyroid Cancer

Uterine Cancer

Vaginal Cancer

Bladder Cancer, Childhood

Bone Cancer, Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors, Childhood (Other)

Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Adult

Brain Tumor, Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Ependymoblastoma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Ependymoma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Medulloblastoma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Medulloepithelioma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Pineal Parenchymal Tumors of Intermediate Differentiation, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Pineoblastoma, Childhood

Brain Tumor, Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, Childhood

Breast Cancer, Childhood

Breast Cancer, Male

Bronchial Tumors, Childhood

Burkitt Lymphoma

Cancer of the esophagus.

Cancer of the larynx.

Cancer of the pancreas.

Carcinoid Tumor, Childhood

Carcinoid Tumor,Gastrointestinal

Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Carcinoma of unknown primary.

Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors, Childhood

Central Nervous System Lymphoma, Primary

Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Childhood

Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, Childhood

Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer, Childhood

Childhood Cancers

Chordoma, Childhood

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders

Colon/ rectal cancer.

Colorectal Cancer

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Dysplastic Nevi; moles.

Embryonal Tumors, Central Nervous System, Childhood

Ependymoblastoma, Childhood

Ependymoma, Childhood

Esophageal Cancer, Childhood

Ewing Family of Tumors

Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor, Childhood

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor

Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

Extrahepatic bile duct cancer.

Eye Cancer, Intraocular Melanoma

Eye cancer, intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma.

Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma

Gallbladder Cancer

Gastric (Stomach) Cancer

Gastric (Stomach) Cancer, Childhood

Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Cell Tumor, Childhood

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)

Germ Cell Tumor, Extracranial, Childhood

Germ Cell Tumor, Extragonadal

Germ Cell Tumor, Ovarian

Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Glioma, Adult

Glioma, Childhood Brain Stem

Glioma, Childhood Cerebral Astrocytoma

Glioma, Childhood Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic

Hairy Cell Leukemia

Head and Neck Cancer

Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Adult (Primary)

Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Childhood (Primary)

Hodgkin Lymphoma, Adult

Hodgkin Lymphoma, Childhood

Hypopharyngeal Cancer

Hypopharyngeal cancer.

Hypothalamic and Visual Pathway Glioma, Childhood

Intraocular Melanoma

Islet cell pancreatic cancer.

Islet Cell Tumors (Endocrine Pancreas)

Kaposi Sarcoma

Kaposi's Sarcoma, skin cancer.

Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer

Kidney cancer.

Laryngeal Cancer

Laryngeal Cancer, Childhood

Leukemia (blood cancer).

Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic, Adult

Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic, Childhood

Leukemia, Acute Myeloid, Adult

Leukemia, Acute Myeloid, Childhood

Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic

Leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous

Leukemia, Hairy Cell

Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer

Liver Cancer, Adult (Primary)

Liver Cancer, Childhood (Primary)

Liver cancer.

Lung cancer (non-small cell and small cell).

Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell

Lung Cancer, Small Cell

Lymphoma, AIDS-Related

Lymphoma, Burkitt

Lymphoma, Cutaneous T-Cell, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Lymphoma, Hodgkin, Adult

Lymphoma, Hodgkin, Childhood

Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Adult

Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Childhood

Lymphoma, Primary Central Nervous System

Macroglobulinemia, Waldenström

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone and Osteosarcoma

Malignant mesothelioma.

Malignant thymoma.

Medulloblastoma, Childhood

Medulloepithelioma, Childhood

Melanoma

Melanoma, Intraocular (Eye)

Melanoma; monmelanoma.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Mesothelioma, Adult Malignant

Mesothelioma, Childhood

Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary

Metastatic Squamous neck cancer.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome, Childhood

Multiple myeloma.

Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell Neoplasm

Mycosis Fungoides

Myelodysplastic syndrome.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases

Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic

Myeloid Leukemia, Adult Acute

Myeloid Leukemia, Childhood Acute

Myeloma, Multiple

Myeloproliferative Disorders, Chronic

Myeloproliferative disorders.

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer

Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Childhood

Nasopharyngeal cancer.

Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Adult

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Childhood

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Oral Cancer, Childhood

Oral cancer; mouth cancer.

Oral Cavity Cancer, Lip and

Oropharyngeal Cancer

Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone

Osteosarcoma.

Ovarian Cancer, Childhood

Ovarian Epithelial Cancer

Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor

Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumor

Pancreatic Cancer, Childhood

Pancreatic Cancer, Islet Cell Tumors

Papillomatosis, Childhood

Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer

Paranasal Sinus and nasal cavity cancer.

Parathyroid Cancer

Parathyroid cancer.

Penile Cancer

Penile cancer (penis).

Pharyngeal Cancer

Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma.

Pineal Parenchymal Tumors of Intermediate Differentiation, Childhood

Pineoblastoma and Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Childhood

Pituitary Tumor

Pituitary tumor.

Plasma cell neoplasm.

Plasma Cell Neoplasm/Multiple Myeloma

Pleuropulmonary Blastoma

Pregnancy and Breast Cancer

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Prostate cancer.

Renal Cell (Kidney Cancer)

Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer, Childhood

Renal cell cancer.

Renal pelvis and ureter cancer.

Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Transitional Cell Cancer

Respiratory Tract Carcinoma Involving the NUT Gene on Chromosome 15

Retinoblastoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma, Childhood

Salivary Gland Cancer

Salivary Gland Cancer, Childhood

Salivary gland cancer.

Sarcoma, Ewing Family of Tumors

Sarcoma, Kaposi

Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, Adult

Sarcoma, Soft Tissue, Childhood

Sarcoma, Uterine

Sézary Syndrome

Skin Cancer - Melanoma

Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma)

Skin Cancer, Childhood

Skin cancer.

Skin Carcinoma, Merkel Cell

Small Intestine Cancer

Small intestine cancer.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Adult

Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Childhood

Squamous Cell Carcinoma, see Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma)

Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, Metastatic

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer, Childhood

Stomach cancer.

Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Childhood

Synovial sarcoma.

T-Cell Lymphoma, Cutaneous, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Testicular cancer.

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma, Childhood

Thyroid Cancer, Childhood

Thyroid cancer.

Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter

Trophoblastic Tumor, Gestational

Unknown Primary Site, Cancer of, Childhood

Unknown Primary Site, Carcinoma of, Adult

Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Ureter and Renal Pelvis, Transitional Cell Cancer

Urethral Cancer

Urethral cancer.

Uterine Cancer, Endometrial

Uterine Sarcoma

Vaginal Cancer, Childhood

Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, Childhood

Vulvar Cancer

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

Wilms Tumor

Women's Cancers

Anus

Bladder

Brain

Breast

Cervix

Colon

Endometrium

Esophagus

Head and Neck

Lymphoma - Hodgkin's (HL)

Kidney

Leukemia ALL

Leukemia AML

Leukemia CLL

Leukemia CML

Liver

Lung, Non-Small Cell

Lung, Small Cell

Melanoma

Mesothelioma

Multiple Myeloma

Myelodysplasia (MDS)

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Burkitt's (BL)

NHL CTCL Mycosis Fungoides

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma DLBCL

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma FOLLICULAR (FL)

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Mantle Cell (MC)

Ovarian

Pancreas

Prostate

Rectum

Sarcoma

Skin-Basal Cell

Skin-Squamous Cell

Stomach

Testicular

Thymus

Thyroid

T ypes of Cancer 2

cancer.gov/types

cancer.gov/types/aya

cancer.gov/types/aya/research

cancer.gov/types/by-body-location

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/pediatric-care-pdq

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/pediatric-genomics-hp-pdq

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/research

cancer.gov/types/metastatic-cancer

cancer.gov/types/metastatic-cancer/research

cancer.gov/types/common-cancers

cancer.gov/types/recurrent-cancer

cancer.gov/types/bladder

cancer.gov/types/breast

cancer.gov/types/colorectal

cancer.gov/types/kidney

cancer.gov/types/leukemia

cancer.gov/types/liver

cancer.gov/types/lung

cancer.gov/types/lymphoma

cancer.gov/types/pancreatic

cancer.gov/types/prostate

cancer.gov/types/skin

cancer.gov/types/thyroid

cancer.gov/types/uterine

cancer.gov/types/adrenocortical

cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma

cancer.gov/types/anal

cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors

cancer.gov/types/brain

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq#section/_64

cancer.gov/types/bone

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq#section/_58

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq#section/_61

cancer.gov/types/unknown-primary

cancer.gov/types/cervical

cancer.gov/types/liver/

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq#section/_67

cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative

cancer.gov/types/esophageal

cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/patient/unusual-cancers-childhood-pdq#section/_55

cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell

cancer.gov/types/extragonadal-germ-cell

cancer.gov/types/eye

cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma

cancer.gov/types/ovarian

cancer.gov/types/gallbladder

cancer.gov/types/stomach

cancer.gov/types/testicular

cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic

cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck

cancer.gov/types/langerhans

cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma

cancer.gov/types/myeloma

cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma

cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma

cancer.gov/types/parathyroid

cancer.gov/types/penile

cancer.gov/types/pituitary

cancer.gov/types/small-intestine

cancer.gov/types/thymoma

cancer.gov/types/urethral

cancer.gov/types/vaginal

cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp

cancer.gov/types/vulvar

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Adolescents, Cancer in

Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Childhood Adrenocortical Carcinoma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

AIDS-Related Cancers

Kaposi Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

AIDS-Related Lymphoma (Lymphoma)

Primary CNS Lymphoma (Lymphoma)

Anal Cancer

Appendix Cancer - see Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors

Astrocytomas, Childhood (Brain Cancer)

Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor, Childhood, Central Nervous System (Brain Cancer)

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin - see Skin Cancer

Bile Duct Cancer

Bladder Cancer

Childhood Bladder Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Bone Cancer (includes Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma)

Brain Tumors

Breast Cancer

Childhood Breast Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Bronchial Tumors, Childhood - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Burkitt Lymphoma - see Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Carcinoid Tumor (Gastrointestinal)

Childhood Carcinoid Tumors - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

Childhood Carcinoma of Unknown Primary - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Cardiac (Heart) Tumors, Childhood - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Central Nervous System

Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor, Childhood (Brain Cancer)

Embryonal Tumors, Childhood (Brain Cancer)

Germ Cell Tumor, Childhood (Brain Cancer)

Primary CNS Lymphoma

Cervical Cancer

Childhood Cervical Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Childhood Cancers

Cancers of Childhood, Unusual

Cholangiocarcinoma - see Bile Duct Cancer

Chordoma, Childhood - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Colorectal Cancer

Childhood Colorectal Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Craniopharyngioma, Childhood (Brain Cancer)

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma - see Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome)

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) - see Breast Cancer

Embryonal Tumors, Central Nervous System, Childhood (Brain Cancer)

Endometrial Cancer (Uterine Cancer)

Ependymoma, Childhood (Brain Cancer)

Esophageal Cancer

Childhood Esophageal Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Esthesioneuroblastoma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Ewing Sarcoma (Bone Cancer)

Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor, Childhood

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor

Eye Cancer

Childhood Intraocular Melanoma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Intraocular Melanoma

Retinoblastoma

Fallopian Tube Cancer

Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone, Malignant and Osteosarcoma

Gallbladder Cancer

Gastric (Stomach) Cancer

Childhood Gastric (Stomach) Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Childhood Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Germ Cell Tumors

Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors (Brain Cancer)

Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors

Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors

Testicular Cancer

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Hairy Cell Leukemia

Head and Neck Cancer

Childhood Head and Neck Cancers - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Heart Tumors, Childhood - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer

Histiocytosis, Langerhans Cell

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hypopharyngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Intraocular Melanoma

Childhood Intraocular Melanoma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Islet Cell Tumors, Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Kaposi Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Laryngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Childhood Laryngeal Cancer and Papillomatosis - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Leukemia

Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Liver Cancer

Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell and Small Cell)

Childhood Lung Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Lymphoma

Male Breast Cancer

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone and Osteosarcoma

Melanoma

Childhood Melanoma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Melanoma, Intraocular (Eye)

Childhood Intraocular Melanoma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Skin Cancer)

Mesothelioma, Malignant

Childhood Mesothelioma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Metastatic Cancer

Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary (Head and Neck Cancer)

Midline Tract Carcinoma Involving NUT Gene - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Mouth Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Mycosis Fungoides (Lymphoma)

Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic (CML)

Myeloid Leukemia, Acute (AML)

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Chronic

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Nasopharyngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Childhood Nasopharyngeal Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Neuroblastoma

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Oral Cancer, Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer and Oropharyngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Childhood Oral Cavity Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone

Ovarian Cancer

Childhood Ovarian Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Pancreatic Cancer

Childhood Pancreatic Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)

Papillomatosis - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Paraganglioma

Childhood Paraganglioma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Parathyroid Cancer

Penile Cancer

Pharyngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Pheochromocytoma

Childhood Pheochromocytoma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Pituitary Tumor

Plasma Cell Neoplasm/Multiple Myeloma

Pleuropulmonary Blastoma - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Pregnancy and Breast Cancer

Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Lymphoma

Primary Peritoneal Cancer

Prostate Cancer

Rectal Cancer

Recurrent Cancer

Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer

Retinoblastoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma, Childhood (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Salivary Gland Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Childhood Salivary Gland Tumors - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Sarcoma

Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Childhood Vascular Tumors (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Ewing Sarcoma (Bone Cancer)

Kaposi Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer)

Uterine Sarcoma

Sézary Syndrome (Lymphoma)

Skin Cancer

Childhood Skin Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Small Cell Lung Cancer

Small Intestine Cancer

Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin - see Skin Cancer

Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, Metastatic (Head and Neck Cancer)

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Childhood Stomach (Gastric) Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

T-Cell Lymphoma, Cutaneous - see Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides and Sèzary Syndrome)

Testicular Cancer

Childhood Testicular Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Throat Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)

Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Oropharyngeal Cancer

Hypopharyngeal Cancer

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma

Thyroid Cancer

Childhood Thyroid Tumors - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter (Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer)

Unknown Primary, Carcinoma of

Childhood Cancer of Unknown Primary - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Ureter and Renal Pelvis, Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer

Urethral Cancer

Uterine Cancer, Endometrial

Uterine Sarcoma

Vaginal Cancer

Childhood Vaginal Cancer - see Unusual Cancers of Childhood

Vascular Tumors (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)

Vulvar Cancer

Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors

Young Adults, Cancer in

Cancer Types on youtube.com

Type any cancer type into youtube.com and there is probably a video there of it.

Jewish Cancer Websites

I saw some articles that talked about Jewish predisposition to certain cancers. I suppose that is if you’re an ethnic Jew Hebrew Kazar not a convert.

Sharsheret

young Jewish women breast cancer.
sharsheret.org

fredhutch.org/en/events/cancer-in-our-communities

komen.org/BreastCancer/AshkenaziJewishHeritage.html

Jewish General Hospital - Segal Cancer Centre

jgh.ca/en/SegalCancerCentre

Jewish General Hospital - Medical Oncology

jgh.ca/en/MedicalOncology

chaicancercare.org

Jewish Community's Cancer Support

JGH Foundation

jghfoundation.org

Jewish General Hospital

C hapter 2. Find Info on Cancer Types/ Find Info on Types of Cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/cancer-type-selector.html#323773 Covers Many Types of Cancer

Free articles.

0808 808 00 00

7 days a week, 8am-8pm

facebook.com/macmillancancer

twitter.com/macmillancancer

youtube.com/user/macmillancancer

pinterest.co.uk/macmillancancer/

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/anal-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/bile-duct-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/bladder-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/blood-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/bone-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/bone-cancer-secondary

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/bowel-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/brain-tumours

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/brain-tumours-secondary

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/breast-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/breast-cancer-secondary

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/unknown-primary-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/cervical-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/childrens-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/colon-and-rectal-colorectal

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/eye-cancer-ocular-melanoma

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/fallopian-tube-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/gall-bladder-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/head-and-neck-cancers

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/kaposis-sarcoma

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/kidney-renal-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/larynx-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/leukaemia

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-cancer-primary

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-cancer-secondary

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/lung-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/lung-cancer-secondary

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/lymph-node-cancer-secondary

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/lymphoma

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/melanoma

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/mesothelioma

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/myeloma

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/neuroendocrine-tumours-nets

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/oesophageal-gullet-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/ovarian-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/pancreatic-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/parathyroid-gland-tumours

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/penis-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/primary-peritoneal-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/prostate-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/pseudomyxoma-peritonei-pmp

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/skin-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/soft-tissue-sarcomas

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/spinal-cord-tumours

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/stomach-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/testicular-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/thymus-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/thyroid-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/trachea-windpipe-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/uterus

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/vagina-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/vulva-cancer

macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/womb-endometrial-cancer

cancerindex.org/clinks1d.htm Probably has the Most Links for Cancer Types after this Book

Go to cancerindex.org/clinks1d.htm and click on to any cancer type.

en.wikipedia.org Probably has an article on Most Types of Cancer

en.wikipedia.org has good info put up by helping people without ulterior motives.

Chapter 3. The Hodgkin’s Diseases

H odgkins Disease/ Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma/ Cancer of the Lymph Nodes (Lymphoma)

Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma are the two types of lymphomas. Lymphomas are cancers of the lymphatic system.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is more common than Hodgkin's Disease.

Try #616.42 at the library.

Hodgkin's Lymphoma Websites/ Lymphoma Websites

avonlink.co.uk/amanda, hodgkin and non-hodgkins cancer.

bccancer.bc.ca/ppi/typesofcancer/hodgkinsdisease/default.htm

blochcancer.org, 800-433-0464, talk with a survivor of your type of cancer.

verywell.com/overview-of-cancer-4014677/od/hodgkinsdisease/a/hodgkinssymptom.htm

cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/hodgkins

cancer.health.ivillage.com

cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_1x_what_is_hodgkins_disease_20.asp

cancerbacup.org.uk/info/hodgkins.htm

cancercentersofnc.com/cancer/hodgkins.html

cfl.org, 800-cfl-6848, cure for lymphoma foundation.

clinicaltrials.gov

cll.ucsd.edu, cllrc@ucsd.edu, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

cllfoundation.org, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

davesite.com/hodgkins/

deltronix.com/public/hodgkins/home.htm

dermis.net

diseases.thetopsitez.com

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hodgkin's_disease

gpnotebook.co.uk/medwebpage.cfm?id=1201274880

health.allrefer.com/health/hodgkins-lymphoma-info.html

health.groups.yahoo.com/group/hodgkins/

healthscout.com/ency/1/192/main.html

heartinfo.org/ms/news/533190/main.html

hodgkinsdisease.org

hodgkinsjourney.org

hon.ch/honselect/rarediseases

hug.ie, hodgkin's united group.

icongrouponline.com, childhood hodgkin's disease sourcebook.

jamesline.com, ohio state university comprehensive cancer center.

kidshealth.org

kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/cancer/hodgkins.html

leukemiacancer.net

leukemia-lymphoma.org, 800-955-4572.

lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/hodgkins.html

lifesteps.com/gm/atoz/ency/hodgkins_disease.jsp

lymphnet.org, 800-541-3259.

lymphoma.ca

lymphoma.org, 800-235 6848

lymphomafocus.com

lymphomainfo.net/hodgkins/description.html

lymphomation.org/type-hodgkins.htm

mamashealth.com/cancer/hodg.asp

mayoclinic.com/health/hodgkins-disease

mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=ds00186

mayohealth.org.

mdanderson.org, hodgkin's disease treatment/info, houston, tx.

mdanderson.org, m. d. anderson cancer center.

medicinenet.com/hodgkins_disease/article.htm

medifocus.com/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia.php

medstudents.com.br/hemat/hemat3.htm

mskcc.org/mskcc/html/5158.cfm, sloan-kettering.

netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/hodgkinsdisease.htm

netwd.com/diseases/blood-disorders/lymphoma/hodgkin's-disease.html

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hodgkinsdisease.html

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/hodgkins

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/nonhodgkins

oncologychannel.com/hodgkins/

onewahine.blogspot.com

palmettostateroots.org/missy/hodgkinsinfo.html

pamelaclark.info

rituxan.com/lymphoma, learn about rituxan 7 treatment for non-hodgkin's lymphoma.

seattlecancer.com/patientsandfamilies/adultcare/clinicalprogs/lymphoma

skin-disease.org/disorders/hodgkins-disease.htm

stjude.org

thecancer.info

toxictorts.com/disease_hodkins_disease.shtml

umgcc.org/hem_malig_program/hodgkins.htm

vicc.org/cancers/disease.php?id=73, vanderbilt-ingram cancer center.

webmd.com/cancer/understanding-hodgkins-disease-basic-information

webmd.com/diseases_and_conditions/hodgkins_disease.htm

youtube.com

hemonc101.com

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adulthodgkins/Patient, Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/LymphomaHodgkin/Hodgkinlymphoma.aspx, Hodgkin lymphoma.

cancer.net/cancer-types/lymphoma-hodgkin, Lymphoma; Hodgkin

oncolink.org, Adult Hodgkin's Disease: The

Basics.

francelymphomeespoir.fr, France Lymphome Espoir.

cancer.org/cancer/hodgkindisease/detailedguide/index, Hodgkin

Disease.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/hodgkins-lymphoma,

Hodgkin Lymphoma.

cancer.ie/cancer-information/hodgkin-lymphoma, Hodgkin

lymphoma (HL).

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/hodgkinslympho

ma, Hodgkin lymphoma statistics.

lymfklierkanker.nl, LymfklierkankerVereniging Nederland.

lymphomas.org.uk, Lymphoma Association.

lymphoma.ca, Lymphoma Foundation Canada.

lymphoma.org, Lymphoma Research Foundation.

lymphoma-research-trust.org.uk, Lymphoma Research Trust.

cancer.ca, What is Hodgkin lymphoma?

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/hodgkin/page1, What You Need To Know About Hodgkin Lymphoma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Hodgkin Lymphoma

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adulthodgkins/HealthProfessional, Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment.

cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search/results?protocolsearchid=10479231, Clinical Trials; Hodgkin Lymphoma, adult.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/hodgkinslympho

ma, Hodgkin lymphoma statistics.

oncolex.org/en/Lymphoma/Diagnoses/Hodgkins-lymphoma,

Hodgkin's lymphoma, Oncolex; Oslo University Hospital (Norway)

and MD Andersen (USA).

patient.info/doctor/Hodgkin’s-Lymphoma.htm, Hodgkin's

Lymphoma.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/hodg.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Hodgkin Lymphoma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, PubMed at the National Library of

Medicine, US, PubMed).

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Websites

youtube.com

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adult-non-hodgkins/Patient,

Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatmen

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma,

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

cancer.net/cancer-types/lymphoma-non-hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin's

Lymphoma.

asociaciongerardoalfaroac.org, Asociacion Gerardo Alfaro A.C., Spanish

francelymphomeespoir.fr, France Lymphome Espoir, France Lymphoma Hope.

lymphomas.org.uk, High-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma

lymphomas.org.uk, Low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma

lymfklierkanker.nl, LymfklierkankerVereniging Nederland.

lymphomas.org.uk, Lymphoma Association.

lymphoma.ca, Lymphoma Foundation Canada.

lymphoma.org, Lymphoma Research Foundation.

lymphoma-research-trust.org.uk, Lymphoma Research Trust.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/nhl,

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma statistics.

cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/index,

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

nhs.uk/conditions/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/Pages/Definition.aspx, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=NHL, Non-Hodgkin's

Lymphomas Support Group.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/non-hodgkin-lymphoma, What You Need To Know About; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adult-non-hodgkins/HealthProfessional, Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/non-hodgkins-lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's

Lymphoma.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case188.html, Case study: An eighty-one year old woman with follicular center cell lymphoma.

cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search/results?protocolsearchid=9903431, Clinical Trials; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, adult.

oncolex.org/en/Lymphoma/Diagnoses/Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma,

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/nhl,

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma statistics.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/bcellnhl.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/tcellnhl.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: T-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Hodgkin's Disease Associations, Organizations, Websites

hodgkinsfoundation.org, Kimberly D. Holland Hodgkin's Disease Foundation.

violetribbon.org, Violet Ribbon Campaign (VRC), Hodgkin's Disease.

Lymphoma Associations, Organizations, Websites

hodgkinsfoundation.org, Kimberly D. Holland Hodgkin's Disease Foundation

lymphoma.org.uk, Lymphoma Association; United Kingdom (UK).

lymphoma.org.uk, Lymphoma for um; United Kingdom (UK).

lymphoma.ca, Lymphoma Foundation Canada (LFC); Canada (CA).

lymphoma.org, Lymphoma Research Foundation (LRF).

bnli.ucl.ac.uk, British National Lymphoma Investigation (BNLI); United Kingdom (UK).

lymphomation.org, Patients Against Lymphoma (PAL).

violetribbon.org, Violet Ribbon Campaign (VRC); Hodgkin's Disease.

Chapter 4. There are Many Types of Cancer

A IDS Related Cancers

cancer.net/cancer-types/hiv-and-aids-related-cancer, HIV and AIDS-Related Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/AIDS, AIDS-Related Cancers

path.upmc.edu/cases/case88.html, Case study: A fourty four year old HIV positive man with CNS lymphoma

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/hiv-infection, HIV Infection and Cancer Risk

cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/infectiousagents/hi vinfectionandaids/hiv-infection-and-aids-h-ow-are-h-i-vand-a-i-d-srelate dtocancer, How are HIV and AIDS related to cancer?

oham.cancer.gov, Office of HIV and AIDS Malignancy

A drenocortical Cancer Websites

cancer-genetics.org/X0602.htm, Molecular Genetics of

Adrenocortical Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adrenocortical/Patient,

Adrenocortical Carcinoma Treatment

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-questions/adrenal-cortical-cancer

cancer.net/cancer-types/adrenal-gland-tumor, Adrenal Gland Tumor

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Endocrine/Adrenalglands.aspx, Tumors of the adrenal glands

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/adrenalglandcancer.html

oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=4&s=6&ss=821&id=9340, Adrenal Cancer: The Guide

my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/adrenocortical_carcinoma/hic_adrenocortical_carcinoma.aspx, Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Adrenocortical Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adrenocortical/HealthProfessional, Adrenocortical Carcinoma Treatment.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case63.html, Case study: A 27 year old man

with moderately differentiated adrenal cortical carcinoma.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case166.html, Case study: A 63 year-old woman with an adrenal cortical carcinoma compressing the kidney.

C ancer of U nknown Primary Websites

Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) is a situation where cancer has spread to a secondary site(s) but the doctor cannot find the primary site where the cancer started through routine testing.

This may be because the primary tumor is very small or it has shrunk or disappeared.

The most common type of CUP are carcinomas which are cancers starting in epithelial cells.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/unknownprimary/Patient

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cancerdatabase

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Unknownprimary/Unknownprimary.aspx

macmillan.org.uk

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/unknown-primary-cancer/

cancerresearchuk.org

cancer.net/cancer-types/unknown-primary

cancer.net/about-cancernet

cancer.org/cancer/cancerofunknownprimary/

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/cancer-of-unknown-primary/

actiononunknownprimary.org/

cupfoundjo.org/

stroudcup.org/

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Cancer+of+Unknown+Primary+Site

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms,+Unknown+Primary

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/unknownprimary/HealthProfessional

patient.info/doctor/Carcinomatosis.htm

patient.co.uk/editorial_disclaimer.asp

patient.info/doctor/Malignancy-of-Unknown-Origin.htm

oncolex.org/en/Unknown-Primary-Site-Cancer

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28179315

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=28179315

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28121939

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5287963/

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28027480

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

C arcinoid Tumor Websites

Carcinoid tumors are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract or lung but they can grow in other parts of the body.

Some carcinoid tumors produce hormones like serotonin and bradykinin which cause symptoms like flushing or diarrhoea.

cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/carcinoid, Carcinoid.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=CARCINOID,

CARCINOID; Carcinoid Cancer Online Support Group.

carcinoid.org, Carcinoid Cancer Foundation.

nhs.uk/conditions/carcinoid-syndrome/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid tumors.

Australia

cancervic.org.au/about-cancer/cancer_types/carcinoid, Carcinoid

tumors, Cancer Council of Victoria

Sweden

carpapatient.se, CARPA; Carcinoid Patients Association.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Neuroendocrine/Over3.aspx, Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Carcinoid Tumors

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=Carcinoid Tumors

patient.info/doctor/carcinoid-tumors, Carcinoid Tumors.

radiopaedia.org/articles/carcinoid-tumors-1, Carcinoid tumors.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case7.html, Case study: A sixty-two year old man with a carcinoid tumor metastatic to the spine, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh

Endocrine Cancer Websites/ Endocrine Malignancies Websites

aace.com, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

erc.endocrinology-journals.org, Endocrine-Related Cancer.

endocrinology.org, Society for Endocrinology.

endo-society.org, The Endocrine Society.

ukeps.com, UK Endocrine Pathology Society.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Kaposi Sarcoma Websites

Kaposi sarcoma/ KS, is a rare type of cancer that can attack both the skin and internal organs.

Symptoms are reddish, purply patches on the skin.

It is caused by the human herpes virus 8, HHV8.

Many people with HHV8 don't develop KS unless their immune system is weak.

KS is classified into:

AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma
Endemic African Kaposi sarcoma, common in parts of Africa with high levels of HIV

Classic Kaposi sarcoma, Non-AIDS-related KS, affecting middle-aged men of Mediterranean descent.
Transplant-related Kaposi sarcoma, a side effect after a

transplant.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/kaposis/Patient, Kaposi

Sarcoma Treatment.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Kaposissarcoma/Kaposissarcoma.aspx, Kaposi's sarcoma.

nhs.uk/Conditions/Kaposis-sarcoma/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Kaposi's sarcoma.

cancer.net/cancer-types/sarcoma-kaposi, Sarcoma; Kaposi.

cancer.org/cancer/kaposisarcoma/index, Kaposi Sarcoma.

dermnetnz.org/lesions/kaposi-sarcoma.html, Kaposi Sarcoma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kaposi Sarcoma

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/kaposis/HealthProfessional, Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment.

youtube.com

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/17313/diagnose.htm, Kaposi's Sarcoma.

patient.info/doctor/Kaposi's-Sarcoma.htm, Kaposi's Sarcoma.

K idney Cancer Info

Possible risk factors for kidney cancer are:

smoking

exposure to asbestos or cadmium

a high-fat diet

overweight

long-term kidney dialysis

Different types of cancer can occur in the kidneys. The most common is called renal cell cancer which often spreads to other organs like the liver, colon or pancreas.

Transitional cell cancer can occur in the kidneys but occurs more often in the bladder.

Symptoms of renal cell cancer are:

a lump near the affected kidney

blood in the urine

fatigue

feeling of being ill.

fever

pain

weight loss

Often, all or part of the cancerous kidney is removed surgically along with the adrenal gland and any nearby lymph nodes. If the tumor cannot be surgically removed, the doctor will try to block blood ?ow to the tumor by clogging the renal artery. Hopefully this will starve the tumor of the blood it needs. The remaining healthy kidney will do the work of both kidneys.

Radiation therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy are used.

Kidney Cancer Websites/ Renal Cell Cancer Websites

Renal cell cancer/ kidney cancer is a disease of malignant cells in kidney tissues.

Most renal cell cancers are classified as adenocarcinomas which are subdivided into:

clear cell

granular cell

Sometime the two types occur together in the same tumor.

There are other types of non-adenocarcinoma kidney cancers like:

transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis

Wilms' tumor, almost exclusively found in children.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/renalcell/Patient/page1/AllPages, Renal Cell Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/kidney-cancer, Kidney

Cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/cancer-of-the-kidney/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Kidney Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/kidney/page1, What You Need To

Know About Kidney Cancer.

kidneycancer.org, Kidney Cancer Association.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/kidney, Kidney cancer statistics.

kcuk.org, Kidney Cancer UK.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=KIDNEY-ONC,

KIDNEY-ONC; Kidney Cancer Online Support Group.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kidney Cancer, Search PubMed

database for Kidney Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/renalcell/HealthProfessional, Renal Cell Cancer Treatment.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/kidney-cancer, Kidney Cancer.

patient.info/doctor/Renal-Cell-Carcinoma.htm, Renal Cancers.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case103.html, Case study: A sixty eight year old female with renal cell carcinoma.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case29.html, Case study: A sixty-nine year old female with renal cell carcinoma.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case33.html, Case study: Papillary renal cell

carcinoma in a 44 year old male.

oncolex.org/en/Kidney-cancer, Kidney Cancer.

kidneycancer.org, Kidney Cancer Association.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/kidney, Kidney cancer statistics.

library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/RENAHTML/RENALIDX.html,

Renal Pathology.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/kidrp.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Kidney and Renal Pelvis.

Primary Liver Cancer Websites/ Hepatocellular Carcinoma Websites

Primary liver cancer happens when the cells of the liver become cancerous.

The liver is in the upper right side of the abdomen. It digests food and converts it to energy.

It filters and stores blood.

Primary liver cancer is not the same as cancer that has spread from another place to the liver.

Risk factors are:

hepatitis B or C infections

cirrhosis of the liver.

There are two main types of liver cancer:

hepatocellular carcinoma

cholangiocarcinoma.

Hepatoblastoma mostly occurs in children.

Liver cancer produces alpha-fetoprotein, AFP. An AFP test can discover liver cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adult-primary-liver/Patient, Adult Primary Liver Cancer Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/liver-cancer, Liver Cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-liver/Pages/Introduction.aspx, Liver Cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Liver/Primarylivercancer.aspx, Primary Liver Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/liver/page1, What You Need to Know About Liver Cancer.

youtube.com, liver cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/hepatocellular/Patient, Liver Hepatocellular, Cancer Screening.

cancer.org/cancer/livercancer, Liver Cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/liver-cancer, Liver Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/liver, Liver

cancer statistics.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=LIVER-ONC,

LIVER-ONC; Liver Cancer Electronic Support Group.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Liver Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adult-primary-liver/HealthProfessional, Adult Primary Liver Cancer Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/hepatocellular-carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Carcinoma.

patient.info/doctor/Liver-Tumors.htm, Liver Tumors.

ilca-online.org, International Liver Cancer Association.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/hepatocellular/HealthProfessional, Liver, Hepatocellular, Cancer Screening.

iarc.fr/en/cancertopics/livertopics.php, Liver Cancer.

karger.com/Journal/Home/23487, Liver Cancer.

oncolex.org/en/Liver-cancer, Liver Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/liver, Liver

cancer statistics.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/livibd.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct.

hemonc101.com

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, PubMed

Thymoma Websites/ Thymic Carcinoma Websites

The thymus is an organ beneath the breastbone. It produces T-lymphocytes which are cells that kill viruses and signal B-lymphocytes to make antibodies and fight infection.

Most tumors in the thymus are thymomas.

Thymic Carcinoma starts in the cells that line the thymus.

They are likely to spread to the body.

Thymic Carcinoids start in hormone-producing cells.

Thymic carcinoids sometimes have a genetic component, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, MEN-1, syndrome.

Other types include Thymolipoma and primary thymic lymphoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thymoma/patient, Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma Treatment.

cancer.net/cancer-types/thymoma, Thymoma.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Thymus/Thymomathymiccarcinoma.aspx, Thymoma and thymic carcinoma.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-questions/thymus-gland-cancer-question, Thymus gland cancer.

thymic.org, Foundation for Thymic Cancer Research.

oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=12&s=71&ss=806&id=932,

Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma: The Guide.

thoracic.surgery.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/thymoma--thymic-carcinoma.aspx, Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma.

cancer.org/cancer/thymuscancer/detailedguide/index, Thymus

Cancer.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thymoma/HealthProfessional, Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma Treatment.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case34.html, Case study: A 3 yr old female with metastatic carcinoid tumor to the anterior medistinum.

youtube.com

radiopaedia.org/articles/primary-neoplasms-of-the-thymus, Primary neoplasms of the thymus.

radiopaedia.org/articles/thymic-carcinoid-tumor, Thymic carcinoid tumor.

Thyroid Cancer Info

Thyroid cancer or cancer of the thyroid is a disease where the tissues of the thyroid gland become cancerous.

Thyroid cancer is any of four kinds of tumors of the thyroid gland: papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic.

The thyroid cells become abnormal, grow uncontrollably and form tumors.

The thyroid gland is located near the throat.

It produces hormones.

It is a malignancy of the endocrine system.

There are four main types of thyroid cancer:

papillary carcinoma

follicular carcinoma

medullary carcinoma

anaplastic carcinoma

Other types of cancer can exist in the thyroid gland like lymphoma, sarcoma and carcinosarcoma.

Some thyroid cancers are caused by radiation.

Some are caused by a genetic condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia.

Books are at #616.44 or RC655 at the library.

Thyroid Cancer Websites/ Cancer of the Thyroid Websites

cancer-genetics.org/X0603.htm, Molecular Biology of Thyroid

Cancers.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thyroid/Patient, Thyroid

Cancer Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/thyroid-cancer, Thyroid

cancer.net/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer, Thyroid Cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Thyroid/Thyroidcancer.aspx, Thyroid cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-thyroid/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Thyroid cancer.

thyca.org, ThyCa: Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Association, Inc.

youtube.com

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/thyroid, What You Need To Know

About Thyroid Cancer.

amend.org.uk, Association for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

Disorders.

thyroidfoundation.com.au, Australian Thyroid Foundation.

btf-thyroid.org, British Thyroid Foundation.

butterfly.org.uk, Butterfly Thyroid Cancer Trust.

checkyourneck.com, Light of Life Foundation.

Includes Low Iodine Cookbook.

Netherlands

schildklier.nl/asp/schildklier.asp?t=show&var=1009, Schildklier

Organisaties Nederland.

childrensoncologygroup.org/index.php/thyroid-cancer

thyroidcanceralliance.org, Thyroid Cancer Alliance.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/thyroid, Thyroid cancer statistics.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Thyroid Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thyroid/HealthProfessional,

Thyroid Cancer Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/Thyroid-Carcinoma.htm, Thyroid Cancer.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/thyroid-cancer, Thyroid Cancer.

thyroidworldcongress.com, World Congress on Thyroid Cancer

baets.org.uk, British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons.

british-thyroid-association.org, British Thyroid Association.

emedicine.medscape.com/article/282084-over3, Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Thyroid.

hemonc101.com

oncolex.org/en/Thyroid-cancer, Thyroid Cancer.

thyroid-cancer-forum-uk.org, Thyroid Cancer Forum- UK.

thyroidupdate.ca

ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals

apjohncancerinstitute.org/cancer/thyroid.htm

cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/thyroid

cancer.org

cancerfightingstrategies.com

cancer-info-guide.com/thyroid-cancer.html

cancerlinksusa.com/thyroid/

cancernet.

cancersymptomspage.com/thyroid-cancer-symptoms.html

checkyourneck.org

endocrineweb.com/thyroidca.html

groups.yahoo.com/group/thryvors, thyroid cancer support group.

headandneckcanada.com

health-cares.net/thyroid-cancer.php

imperialcancer.co.uk/aboutcancer/specificcancers/23407

mayoclinic.com/health/thyroid-cancer

medicinenet.com/thyroid_cancer/article.htm

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/thyroidcancer.html

papillary and follicular tumors are the most common and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thyroid_cancer

papthyca.com, papillary thyroid cancer: an inquiring patient's guide.

thebreastcancerinfo.com/thyroid_cancer.htm

thryvors.org, canadian thyroid cancer support group.

thyca.org, thyroid cancer survivors' association.

thyrogen.com

thyroid.com/guide.htm

thyroid.org, american thyroid association.

thyroid.valuepia.com, hyperthyroidism.

thyroidcancer.com, thyroid cancer clinic, 512-608-9595.

thyroid-cancer.net, thyroid cancer at johns hopkins.

thyroidcancerbook.com

thyroidcancersongs.com

thyroid-cancer-thyroid-nodule.com

thyroidmanager.org/chapter18

Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Association/ ThyCa

Pob 1545

NYC 10159-1545

877 588 7904

Fax: 630 604 6078

thyca@thyca.org

thyca.org

Light of Life Foundation

2 Marc Drive

Englishtown, NJ 07726

info@lightoflifefoundation.org

lightoflifefoundation.org

checkyourneck.org

For patients with thyroid cancer.

Urinary System Cancer Websites/ Urinary Cancer Websites

baus.org.uk, British Association of Urological Surgeons.

bug.uk.com, British Uro-oncology Group.

uroweb.org/sections/oncological-urology-esou, EAU Section of

Oncological Urology.

uroweb.org, European Association of Urology.

sbur.org, Society for Basic Urologic Research.

suonet.org, Society of Urologic Oncology.

urologiconcology.org, Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, PubMed at the National Library of

Medicine, US, PubMed.

Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Websites

Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia is a rare toxic condition involving an

excess of beta-lymphocytes whixh is a type of cell in the immune system that secretes antibodies called immunoglobulins.

WM usually occurs in older people.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Lymphomanon-H

odgkin/TypesofNHL/Waldenstrommacroglobulinaemia.aspx, Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia.

cancer.net/cancer-types/waldenstroms-macroglobulinemia,

Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/00038.htm, Macroglobulinemia

of Waldenstrom.

youtube.com

cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/index, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.

bingcenterforwm.org, Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute.

ewmnetwork.eu, European Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Network.

iwmf.com, International Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Foundation.

portail.waldenstromfrance.org, Waldenstrom France.

leukaemialymphomaresearch.org.uk/sites/default/files/wm__oct_201

1_.pdf, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/WM, Waldenstrom

Macroglobulinemia: Questions and Answers.

leukaemiacare.org.uk/waldenstr_ms_macroglobulinaemia,

Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia.

wmuk.org.uk, WM UK.

Australia

wmozzies.com/home, WMozzies; Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Community in Australia.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=WSMG-NET,

WSMG-NET@LISTSERV.ACOR.ORG.

youtube.com

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

patient.info/doctor/waldenstroms-macroglobulinaemia, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia, Patient UK.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case69.html, Case study: A forty-five year old

famale with Waldenstroms's macroglobulinemia.

wmctg.org, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Clinical Trials Group

Chapter 5. kwikmed.org/turn-cancer-resources-web, Websites for Several Types of Cancer

Bowel Cancer

cancer.gov, colon and rectal cancer

cdc.gov, colorectal cancer

ccalliance.org

usnews.com, colon cancer

Breast Cancer

cancer.gov, breast cancer

nationalbreastcancer.org

breastcancer.org/

abcf.org

Bone Cancer

cancer.gov, bone cancer

mdanderson.org, the different types of bone cancer

cancercenter.com, bone cancer

cancer.org, bone cancer overview

Brain Cancer

cancer.gov, brain cancer

abta.org

cbtrus.org

pbtfus.org

Liver Cancer

cancer.gov, liver cancer

liverfoundation.org

nlm.nih.gov, liver cancer

mdanderson.org, liver cancer

Lung Cancer

cancer.gov, lung cancer

cdc.gov, lung cancer

lung.org

lungevity.org

Leukaemia

cancer.gov, leukaemia

lls.org

cmlsupport.org

cancerquest.org, leukaemia

Ovarian Cancer

cancer.gov, ovarian cancer

ovariancancer.org

ovarian.org

cdc.gov, ovarian cancer

Pancreatic Cancer

cancer.gov, pancreatic cancer

pancan.org

nlm.nih.gov, pancreatic cancer

pancreaticalliance.org

Volume 4. Specific Types of Cancer Guide

Chapter 1. Skin Cancer/ Melanoma

Skin Cancer/ Mela noma

The skin is the body's outer covering. It protects us against heat, light, injury and infection. It regulates body temperature and stores water, fat and vitamin D.

Weighing about 6 pounds per body, the skin is the body's largest organ. It is made up of two main layers; the outer epidermis and the inner dermis. The epidermis, the outer layer of the skin, is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells.

Under the squamous cells are round cells called basal cells. The deepest part of the epidermis also contains melanocytes. These cells produce melanin which gives the skin its color.

The dermis, the inner layer of the skin, contains blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles and glands. These glands produce sweat which helps regulate body temperature and sebum, an oily substance that helps keep the skin from drying out. Sweat and sebum reach the skin's surface through tiny openings called pores.

Skin cancer is the most commonly occurring type of cancer in the United States. Forty to 50 percent of Americans who live to age 65 will eventually develop some form of skin cancer. The risk is highest for people who have red or blond hair and fair skin that freckles easily.

An estimated 600,000 Americans develop non-melanoma skin cancer every year. If you disregard the warning signs, it could lead to more serious disorders.

The two most common kinds of non-melanoma skin cancers which can spread if left unchecked are:

Basal Cell Carcinomas are small, fleshy bumps or tumors on the skin.

Squamous Cell Carcinomas are tumors which appear as red, scaly patches.

Carcinoma is cancer that begins in the cells that cover or line an organ. Basal cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of all skin cancers in the U.S. It is a slow growing cancer that seldom spreads to other parts of the body.

Squamous cell carcinoma also rarely spreads but it does so more often than basal cell carcinoma. However, it is important that skin cancers are found and treated early because they can invade and destroy nearby tissue.

Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are sometimes called Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Another type of cancer that occurs in the skin is Melanoma which begins in the melanocytes.

Melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, is one of the fastest growing types with about 32,000 new cases per year and about 7000 deaths. Melanoma begins as an uncontrolled growth of pigment producing cells in the skin.

The growth leads to the formation of dark pigmented malignant moles or tumors called melanomas.

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the U.S. According to current estimates, 40 to 50% of Americans who live to age 65 will have skin cancer at least once.

Several risk factors increase the chance of getting skin cancer. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer. Artificial sources of UV radiation such as sunlamps and tanning booths can also cause skin cancer.

Although anyone can get skin cancer, the risk is greatest for people who have fair skin that freckles easily, often those with red or blond hair and blue or light colored eyes.

The risk of developing skin cancer is also affected by where a person lives. People who live in areas that get high levels of UV radiation from the sun are more likely to get skin cancer.

In the U.S., for example, skin cancer is more common in Texas than it is in Minnesota where the sun is not as strong.

Worldwide, the highest rates of skin cancer are found in South Africa and Australia, areas that receive high amounts of UV radiation. In addition, skin cancer is related to lifetime exposure to UV radiation.

Most skin cancers appear after age 50 but the sun's damaging effects begin at an early age, therefore, protection should start in childhood to prevent skin cancer later in life.

Whenever possible, people should avoid exposure to the midday sun (from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. standard time or from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. daylight saving time). Protective clothing such as sun hats and long sleeves, can block out the sun's harmful rays.

Lotions that contain sunscreens can protect the skin. Sunscreens are rated in strength according to a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) which ranges from 2 to 30 or higher.

Those rated 15 to 30 or higher block most of the sun's harmful rays. The NCI is supporting research to try to find new ways to prevent skin cancer.

The most common warning sign of skin cancer is a change on the skin, especially a new growth or a sore that doesn't heal.

Skin cancers don't all look the same. The cancer may start as a small, smooth, shiny, pale or waxy lump or it can appear as a firm red lump. Sometimes, the lump bleeds or develops a crust.

Skin cancer can also start as a flat, red spot that is rough, dry or scaly. Both basal and squamous cell cancers are found mainly on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun, the head, face, neck, hands and arms, however, skin cancer can occur anywhere.

Actinic Keratosis, which appears as rough, red or brown, scaly patches on the skin, is known as a precancerous condition because it sometimes develops into squamous cell cancer. Like skin cancer, it usually appears on sun exposed areas but can be found elsewhere.

Changes in the skin are not sure signs of cancer; however, it is important to see a doctor if any symptom lasts longer than two weeks. Don't wait for the area to hurt, skin cancers seldom cause pain.

The cure rate for skin cancer could be 100% if all skin cancers were brought to a doctor's attention before they had a chance to spread, therefore, people should check themselves regularly for new growths or other changes in the skin.

Any new, colored growths or any changes in growths that are already present should be reported to the doctor without delay.

Doctors should also look at the skin during routine physical exams. People who have already had skin cancer should be sure to have regular exams so that the doctor can check the skin, both the treated areas and other areas where cancer may develop.

Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are generally diagnosed and treated in the same way. When an area of skin does not look normal, the doctor may remove all or part of the growth. This is called a biopsy.

To check for cancer cells, the tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist or a dermatologist. A biopsy is the only sure way to tell if the problem is cancer. Doctors generally divide skin cancer into two stages;

Local (affecting only the skin).

Metastatic (spreading beyond the skin).

Because skin cancer rarely spreads, a biopsy often is the only test needed to determine the stage. In cases where the growth is very large or has been present for a long time, the doctor will carefully check the Lymph Nodes in the area.

In addition, the patient may need to have additional tests such as special x-rays to find out whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Knowing the stage of a skin cancer helps the doctor plan the best treatment.

In treating skin cancer, the doctor's main goal is to remove or destroy the cancer completely with as small a scar as possible.

To plan the best treatment for each patient, the doctor considers the location and size of the cancer, the risk of scarring and the person's age, general health and medical history.

You might consider getting a second opinion from a specialist like a dermatologist or a plastic surgeon who have had experience with treating skin cancer.

Call 800-4cancer for a referral to a treatment center near where you live. Expect whitish scarring of the skin area that's removed. Sometimes a combination of the following methods are used:

Surgery. The doctor simply cuts the skin cancer right out of the body quickly and easily.

Curettage and Electrodessication. Currettage is a type of surgery where the area is anesthized locally and the doctor spoons the cancer out with a spoon-like instrument called a curette. After that, a machine is used to perform an electrodesiccation where an electric current is passed through the wound area to control bleeding and kill any left over cancer cells.

Moh's Surgery. With this method, the area is locally anesthized and the doctor slices thin areas off the cancerous area then inspects them under a microscope until the tissue is healthy. With this method, the doctor destroys as little as healthy tissue as possible.

Cryosurgery. Extreme cold may be used to treat precancerous skin conditions such as actinic keratosis as well as certain small skin cancers. In cryosurgery, liquid nitrogen is applied to the growth to freeze and kill the abnormal cells. After the area thaws, the dead tissue falls off.

More than one freezing may be needed to remove the growth completely. Cryosurgery usually doesn't hurt but patients may have pain and swelling after the area thaws.

Laser Therapy. Laser therapy uses a narrow beam of light to remove or destroy cancer cells. This approach is sometimes used for cancers that involve only the outer layer of the skin.

Grafting. Sometimes, especially when a large cancer is removed, a skin graft is needed to close the wound and reduce the amount of scarring. For this procedure, the doctor takes a piece of healthy skin from another part of the body to replace the skin that was removed.

Radiation. Skin cancer responds well to radiation therapy, also-called radiotherapy, which uses high energy rays to damage cancer cells and stop them from growing. Doctors often use this treatment for cancers that occur in areas that are hard to treat with surgery.

For example, radiation therapy might be used for cancers of the eyelid, the tip of the nose or the ear. Several treatments may be needed to destroy all of the cancer cells.

Radiation therapy may cause a rash or make the skin in the area dry or red. Changes in skin color and/ or texture may develop after the treatment is over and may become more noticeable many years later.

Topical Chemotherapy. Topical chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs in a cream or lotion applied to the skin. Actinic keratosis can be treated effectively with the anticancer drug fluorouracil (5-FU).

This treatment is also useful for cancers limited to the top layer of the skin. The 5-FU is applied daily for several weeks. Intense inflammation is common during treatment but scars usually don't occur.

There are some experimental procedures currently being tested like injecting Interferon directly into the tumor and the use of lasers through a procedure known as Photodynamic Therapy.

Even though more than 95% of all skin cancers are cured, there is a high recidivism rate, hence, skin cancer patients should constantly check themselves for the development of cancerous splotches on the skin. First learn where all your birthmarks, pimples and blemishes are. Watch for anything new that doesn't heal.

The entire key is to look for irregularly shaped dark spots. Round shaped pimples and freckles are plentiful and harmless but keep an eye out for something that's not round.

The rules for detecting melanoma are to look for an asymmetric mole with an irregular border, uneven color and a diameter that seems to be getting bigger with time. Use mirrors to check your backside or get a friend to do it. Have follow up check-ups with your doctor.

Now that I've said all that, I want someone to tell me why studies show that people with high levels of Vitamin D that you get from being out in the sun have a much lower rate of all kinds of cancer than people with low levels of Vitamin D in their bodies. It just goes to show you can't believe everything the convential Medical Establishment says. The sun is not poison. It creates life as in plants, flowers, plankton and it makes us vital.

Books about cancer are at #616.8 at the library.

Skin Cancer Websites 1

Melanoma is skin cancer where melanocytes, the cells which give the skin color, become cancerous.

Melanoma is rare in dark-skinned people.

Over exposure to sunlight can cause melanoma.

Moles are common and rarely change but if a mole or patch of skin all of a sudden gets bigger, more discolored and uneven as opposed to circular, it could be skin cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/melanoma/Patient, Melanoma Treatment.

cancer.net/cancer-types/melanoma, Melanoma.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Melanoma/Melanoma.aspx, Melanoma.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/melanoma, Melanoma skin

cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/Malignant-melanoma/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Skin cancer, melanoma.

helpingyoucare.com

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/skin/page1, What You Need To

Know About Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers.

cancer.org.au/about-cancer/types-of-cancer/skin-cancer/melanoma.html, Melanoma.

childrensoncologygroup.org/index.php/melanoma, Melanoma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001833, Melanoma.

skincancersurgery.co.uk/Melanoma/Melanoma_index.html,

Melanoma.

youtube.com

hemonc101.com

melanoma.org.nz, Melanoma Foundation of New Zealand.

melanoma.org.au, Melanoma Institute Australia.

melanoma.org, Melanoma Research Foundation.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Melanoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/melanoma/HealthProfessional, Melanoma Treatment.

patient.info/health/Cancer-of-the-Skin-Melanoma.htm, Melanoma.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/17418/diagnose.htm, Acrolentiginous

Melanoma, ALM.

Dermis.net

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/18063/diagnose.htm, Lentigo Maligna

Melanoma, LMM.

oncolex.org/en/Melanoma, Melanoma.

journals.lww.com/melanomaresearch/pages/default.aspx, Melanoma Research.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/18014/diagnose.htm, Nodular Melanoma (NM).

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/melan.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Melanoma of the Skin.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/173/diagnose.htm, Superficial Spreading Melanoma, SSM).

Skin Cancer Websites 2

Skin cancer is common.

It occurs mostly in people with light skin who spend a lot of time in the sun.

Types of skin cancer are:

Basal Cell Carcinomas

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Melanoma

Merkel cell tumors

cutaneous lymphomas

sarcomas

helpingyoucare.com, Common Moles, Dysplastic Nevi and Risk of Melanoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/skin/page1, What You Need To

Know About Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers.

britishskinfoundation.org.uk, British Skin Foundation.

euroskin.eu, European Society of Skin Cancer Prevention.

scfa.edu.au, Skin and Cancer Foundation Australia.

sunsmart.org.uk/skin-cancer-facts, Skin Cancer; Signs and

Symptoms, Skin Type, Moles, Risk Factors.

aicr.org.uk/SkinCancerFAQs.stm, Skin Cancer FAQs.

skincancer.org, Skin Cancer Foundation.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/skin, Skin cancer statistics.

skincancersurgery.co.uk, Skin Cancer Surgery.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Skin Cancer.

asds.net, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/home

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/skin.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets

skincancer.org, Skin Cancer Foundation.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/skin, Skin cancer statistics.

Skin Cancer Websites 3

sunguardman.org, skin cancer prevention

epa.gov/sunwise, sunwise school program; sun safety awareness among students in grades k through 8.

aad.org/skincancernews/whatisskincancer/sclooks.html

doctone.com/new-experimental-treatment-may-help-to-cure-melanoma-patients.html, new experimental treatment may help to cure melanoma patients

acor.org/melanoma

afraidtoask.com/skinca

aocd.org, american osteopathic college of dermatology.

arc.com/cancernet.sh?english/patient'melanoma

askaboutskincancer.com

azcc.arizona.edu/www/text_files/education/skin_cancers, copeline@azcc.arizona.edu, 800-622-cope, 520-626-7935.

behealed.biz, modified citrus pectin and how it may stop the spread of cancerous tissue.

bioscience.org/bioscience/atlases/turnpath/skin/resource.htm

cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/melanoma

cancer.med.upenn.edu/diseases/skin1

cancer.org/cancerinfo/res_home.asp?ct=50

cancerbacup.org.uk/cancertype/melanoma

cancerbacup.org.uk/info/melanoma.htm

cancerhelp.org.uk

cancernet./wyntk/pubs/skin.htm

cancerresearch.org/melanomabook.html

carcinomadermnetnz.org/lesions/melanoma.html

carepages.com, create a community of support to share updates.

caring4cancer.com

cfpc.ca/english/cfpc/programs/patient

charm.net/~kkdk/sarcoma_html

cnn.com/health/library/ds/00439.html

cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/uv_index/uvv_current.html, tells you the uv index in local areas.

dermatology.co.uk/melanoma/index.asp

derm-infonet.com/skinca.html

dermweb.com/molemelanoma/introduction.html

diagnosismelanoma.info

education/skincancer/default.asp?s=1

electriciti.com/~ssei/mel/melanoma.html

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/acral_lentiginous_melanoma

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lentigo_maligna_melanoma

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/malignant_melanoma

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nodular_melanoma

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/superficial_spreading_malignant_melanoma

eurohealth.ie/cancom/skin02.htm

familydoctor.org/666.xml

familydoctor.org/healthfacts/159/index.html

foundationderm.ubc.ca/division/cmf/cmf1.htm, canada.

graylab.ac.uk/cancernet/201271.html

hsc.ufl.edu/hs/molehill.htm

icnet.uk/research/factsheet/skinindx.html

imsdd.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancernet/201302.html

imsdd.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancernet/504724.html

jas.tj/skincancer

lbcommunity.com/brochure/kaposi.html, kaposi sarcoma.

mamashealth.com/cancer/melanoma.asp

matrix.ucdavis.edu/tumors/new/tutorial-intro.html, how to recognize a melanoma.

maui.net/~southsky/introto.html

mayoclinic.com/health/melanoma/

mayoclinic.org/melanoma/

mdanderson.org/diseases/melanoma

med.jhu.edu/cancerctr/melanoma.htm

med.nyu.edu

medicinenet.com

medicinenet.com, go to "diseases and conditions."

mednet.gr/hms/

melanoma.com

melanoma.net

melanoma.org

melanoma-cancer-cure.com

melanomacenter.com, 415-353-6535, san francisco.

melanomafoundation.org

melanomaresearch.com

melresproj.com

merckmedicus.com, time saving medical resources regarding melanoma.

mpip.org, melanoma patients' information page

mskcc.org/document/wicskin.htm

nationalmelanoma.org, 866 info nmf

/wtnk_pubs/moles/index.htm

/wtnk_pubs/skin/index

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/melanoma.html

nutrition2000.com, treat melanoma with alternative methods.

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/melanoma

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/skin1

pe.net/~chrystal

pharminfo.com/pubs/msb/sunscrn.html

proleukin.com, fda approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

rare-cancer.org/melanoma/primary.html

scfa.edu.au

skin-cancer.com

skincancer.org, 800 skin 490

melanomafoundation.org

skincancer.org/melanoma/

skincancerspecialists.com/malignant_melanoma.shtml

skincheck.org

smarttan.com. tanning.

stjude.org, melanoma, the most common skin cancer in children.

support-group.com/sg/get_links?skin_cancer

tustison.com/interests1.html

unisi.it/ricerca/ist/derma/melanoma.html

upmc.edu/healthmed/services/cancer/melanoma/

users.aol.com/zlphus/private/mel.html

virus-warning.org/cancer/melanoma/cure.htm

American Academy of Dermatology

930 N. Meacham Rd.

Schaumberg, Il 60173-4965

847-330-0230

888-462-3376

888-462-Derm

mktg@aad.org

aad.org

derm-infonet.com/melanomanet

Skin Cancer Organizations

American Cancer Society

1599 Clifton Rd. Ne

Atlanta, Ga 30329

800-Acs 2345

800-227-2345

404-329-5787

Fax: 404-329-5787

cancer.org

American College Of

Mohs Micrographic

Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology

930 N. Meacham Rd.

Schaumberg, Il 60173

847-330-9830

Fax: 847-330-1135

mohscollege.org

American Skin Assn.

150 E. 58th St.

33rd Fl.

Nyc 10155-0002

800-499-7546

800-499-Skin

212-753-8260

Fax: 212-688-6547

skinassn.org

American Society for

Dermatologic Surgery

930 N. Meacham Rd.

Schaumberg, Il 60173

800-441-2737

847-330-9830

Fax: 847-330-1135

asds-net.org

asds-net.org/scfactsheet.html

American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons

444 E. Algonquin Rd.

Arlington Hts., Il 60005

888-4plastic

800-635-0635

888-475-2784

plasticsurgery.org

asprs.com

Melanoma Research Foundation

Pob 747

San Leandro, Ca 94577

800-Mrf-1290

Fax: 800-Mrf-1290

mrf@melanoma.org

melanoma.org

National Cancer Institute

800-422-6237

cancernet.

National Skin Cancer Prevention Program

CDC

Ms-K64

4770 Buford Hwy. Ne

Atlanta, Ga 30341

770-488-4751

Fax: 770-488-4760

cdc.gov/nccdphp/dcpc/nscpep

Skin Cancer Foundation

245 5th Ave.

#2402

Nyc 10016

800-Skin-490

212-725-5176

Fax: 212-725-5751

info@skincancer.org

skincancer.org

Research and public education.

Skin Cancer Self-Test

You're looking for an abnorm ally-shaped mole on your skin, not a circular mole, they're fine but an asymmetric one. One half of the mole is a different size or shape than the other half. The edges of the mole are irregular, notched, or blurred. The color may be uneven throughout.

The mole is larger than half an inch.

The mole changes in color and size.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Websites/ Trabecular Cancer Websites/ Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Skin Websites

Merkel cell cancer aka trabecular cancer aka neuroendocrine cancer of the skin develops on or just below the skin.

These tumors usually develop in older people over 60.

They usually happen on skin that is exposed to the sun.

The Merkel cell polyomavirus, MCPyV, causes most, but not all MCC.

merkelcell.org, Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/merkelcell/Patient, Merkel

Cell Carcinoma Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-questions/merkel-cell-skin-cancer, Merkel cell skin cancer.

skincancersurgery.co.uk/Info/Merkel_info.html, Merkel Cell

Carcinoma.

skincancersurgery.co.uk

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/merkelcell/healthprofessional, Merkel Cell Carcinoma Treatment.

merkelcell.org/clinicalPhotos, Clinical Images of Merkel Cell

Carcinoma.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/18398/diagnose.htm, Merkel Cell

Carcinoma.

Dermis.net

skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma,

Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

ncin.org.uk/publications/data_briefings/rareskincancer.aspx, Rare

skin cancer in England.

Sun Safety Info

I noticed that the companies and d octors that sell skincare products say that the sun doesn't help you much healthwise while the holistic people say the sun is great for you.

People who have a Vitamin D deficiency are much more likely to get skin cancer than people who don't. You absorb Vitamin D by being out in the sun so despite all the bad press the sun gets, it causes your body to produce Vitamin D which helps prevent cancer.

Too much exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun, sunlamps, or tanning beds produces sunburn.

Repeated sun exposure can produce wrinkling, premature aging of the skin and skin cancer.

Fair skinned people with blue eyes and red or blond hair get the most damage from being out in the sun.

Some medications like the antibiotic tetracycline, some diuretics, tranquilizers, birth control pills and antihistamines make the skin more sensitive to the sun.

Clouds do not block sunlight.

The burn time is between 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM, when the sun's rays are strongest.

Use a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 25 or higher that protects against both ultraviolet A (UV-A) and ultraviolet B (UV-B) rays.

Use a lip balm that contains sunscreen.

Wear sunglasses.

publications.usa.gov/cic_text/health/sun_uv/sunuvyou.htm

fda.gov/fdac/features/2000/400_sun.html, how to be safe when you're in the sun.

kidshealth.org/kid/watch/out/summer_safety.html

suntogs.com/page.health_issues, the effects of the sun on your eyes?

aprilage.com/sunexposure.html

kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/outdoor/sun_safety.html

Sunguardsunprotection.com, spray this product on your clothes.

allaboutmoms.com/sun.htm, sun and your baby

cdc.gov/chooseyourcover/qanda.htm

dermatology.ca/english/index.html

hc-

sc.gc.ca/english/iyh/diseases/cancer.html

hc-

sc.gc.ca/english/feature/summer/air_sun/sunsafe

ty.html

msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/uv_e.html, environment canada - uv index

cancer.ca/ccs/internet/standard/0,3182,317

2_13247__langid-en,00.html

hc-

sc.gc.ca/english/feature/summer/index.html

msc-

smc.ec.gc.ca/education/uvindex/index_e.html

sunsafety.org

Ultraviolet Radiation Info

The facts say that the sun and sunlamps both emit harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation that in the short term can cause painful sunburn and in the long term may lead to unsightly skin blemishes, premature aging of the skin, cataracts and other eye problems, skin cancer and a weakened immune system.

UV radiation can be broken down into three types, UVA, UVB and UVC. UVA, the most dangerous, goes right through the ozone layer to the surface; UVB is dangerous and partially absorbed by the ozone layer and UVC is totally absorbed by the ozone layer.

All people, regardless of skin tone are susceptible to the harmful effects of UV radiation although light skinned people are more suspectable. The American Academy of Dermatology, American Cancer Society, American Academy of Opthamology, Skin Cancer Foundation and the FDA have put together the following seven steps to safer sunning:

1. Avoid the sun. The UV Index is strongest when the sun is highest in the sky, usually from 10 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. so avoid it if possible. The UV Index is a number from 0 to 10 that indicates the amount of radiation getting through to the surface. Many local weather reports include it in their forecasts. For more information, go to nic.fb4.noaa.gov.

Clouds only block about 20% of the UV radiation. A lot still gets through. UV radiation also passes through water. Sand like on the beach and snow reflect a lot of sunlight back so be extra careful at these places.

People with darker skin will resist the sun's rays by tanning which is actually an indication that the skin has been injured. Tanning occurs when ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the skin causing an increase in the activity and number of melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment melanin.

Melanin helps to block out damaging rays up to a point. Those with lighter skin are more likely to burn. Too much sun exposure in a short period causes blood vessels to dilate resulting in sunburn. A sunburn causes skin redness, tenderness, pain, swelling and blistering.

Although there is no quick cure, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends using wet compresses, cool baths, bland moisturizers and hydrocortisone creams. Sunburn becomes a more serious problem with fever, chills, upset stomach and confusion. If these symptoms develop, see a doctor.

2. Use sunscreen products. FDA requires the labels of all sunscreen and sunblock products to state the product's sun protection factor or SPF from 2 on up. The higher the number, the longer a person is protected from the sun before burning. The number 30 is the highest SPF the FDA recognizes. Some good sunscreens are Avobenzone, Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide.

3. Wear a hat.

4. Wear sunglasses. It's a fact that sheep in Australia are going blind because of UV radiation.

5. Cover up. There is now actually clothing on the market called sun protective clothing.

6. Avoid artificial tanning. Even though tanning beds use UVA radiation, they are still dangerous. If you do use them, ease into it timewise and wear goggles. Some pills like Canthaxanthin work to cause a tan by releasing orangeish beta carotene but they can crystallize in the eyes and cause impaired vision. The external bronzers are just basic, useless body paint that washes off.

7. Check your skin regularly. Most of us have all kinds of little darkish blemishes on our body that are totally harmless but the real test to determine whether you might have melanoma/ skin cancer is that the blemishes are irregularly shaped as opposed to circular. Also look for patches of reddish, dry, scaly skin.

For every 1000 feet of altitude you go, the UV radiation increases by about 5%.

The closer to the equator you are, the more intense the sun is.

EPA Stratospheric Ozone Hotline

800-296-1996

epa.gov

Several free fact sheets.

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Websites/ Basal Cell Carcinoma Websites

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer aka Basal Cell Carcinoma is a common type of skin cancer.

It occurs when basal cells which are round cells in the outer layer of skin, become cancerous.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma is where squamous cells, the flat scaly cells on the surface of the skin, become toxic with cancer cells.

Other, less common skin cancers are Merkel cell tumors, cutaneous lymphomas and sarcomas.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/skin/Patient, Skin Cancer

Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/skin-cancer, Skin cancer, non-melanoma.

aad.org/skin-conditions/dermatology-a-to-z/basal-cell-carcinoma,

Basal Cell Carcinoma.

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000824.htm, Basal cell

carcinoma.

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/aboutmedlineplus.html, Further information on editorial processes and standards

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000829.htm, Squamous cell

carcinoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/skin/page1, What You Need To

Know About Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/18406/diagnose.htm, Basal Cell Carcinoma

skcin.org/Skin-Cancer/Types/Basal-Cell-Carcinoma-(BCC), Basal

Cell Carcinoma, BCC = NMSC.

skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/basal-cell-carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, BCC.

gorlinsyndrome.org, Basal Cell Carcinoma Nevus Syndrome Life

Support Network.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/19297/diagnose.htm, Squamous Cell

Carcinoma.

skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/squamous-cell-carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, SCC.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Skin Cancer, Nonmelanoma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/skin/HealthProfessional, Skin Cancer Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/Basal-Cell-Carcinoma-(Rodent-Ulcer).htm, Basal Cell Carcinoma.

patient.info/doctor/Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma-of-Skin.htm,

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Skin.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/18406/diagnose.htm, Basal Cell Carcinoma

path.upmc.edu/cases/case42.html, Case study: A fifty-four year old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the right cheek.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case109.html, Case study: A forty two year old male with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

oncolex.org/en/Skin-cancer, Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer.

dermis.net/dermisroot/en/19297/diagnose.htm, Squamous Cell

Carcinoma.

Chapter 2. Brain Cancer Guide

Brain Tumor/ Spinal Cord Tumor

Some warning signs of brain tumors are:

Behavior changes.

Dif?culty speaking.

Headache.

Hearing loss.

Loss of movement or sensation.

Problems with balance, dizziness.

Seizure.

Visual changes.

Weakness in the arms and legs.

Some symptoms of brain tumors are:

Dizziness.

Fatigue.

Headaches.

Inability to hear, taste or feel sensations on your skin.

Inability to think clearly.

Loss of consciousness.

Loss of vision.

Nausea.

Seizures.

Slurred speech.

If you feel a lot of strange, disjointed symptoms, get it checked out by a neurosurgeon.

Tumors are caused by genetic factors, environmental precursors or general lifestyle. They could be benign (not harmful, won't grow back if cut out) or malignant (toxic, will grow back if cut out).

The different types of brain tumors are categorized mostly by their location in the brain. They are called glioma or glial cells in the brain.

Some of them are

Astrocytoma, from astrocytes

Brainstem gliomas

Chroroid plexus tumors.

Craniophagynyiomas.

Ependymomas.

Ganglioneuroma, from glial cells and immature neurons

Germ cell tumors (germinomas and non-germinoma germ cell tumors)

Medulloblastoma.

Mixed glioma, from astrocytes and other glial cells

Oligodendroglioma, from oligodendroglia cells

Optic pathway gliomas.

Primitive neurododermal tumors.

Tumors of the central nervous system are named for the type of cell or tissue from which they grow. The most common types of CNS tumors are:

Chordoma, the upper spinal cord.

Meningioma, the meninges, thin membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Pineal tumor, in the pineal gland.

Pituitary adenoma, the pituitary gland.

Schwannoma., noncancerous tumor arises from Schwann cells that form a protective sheath around each neuron.

Some genetic disorders such as neuro?bromatosis and tuberous sclerosis can cause benign tumors to grow throughout the central nervous system.

Brain tumors often do not cause problems until they grow big enough to press on on tissue, nerves and blood vessels which impedes their ability to do their functions.

Doctors can do imaging tests of the brain through procedures like computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging.

A cerebral angiography examines the arteries deep inside the brain.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test where electrodes are attached to your scalp to monitor the electrical activity in your brain and help determine if the tumor is causing seizures or otherwise affecting brain function.

Some surgical techniques to remove brain tumors are:

Microsurgery, uses a high-power microscope.

Laser surgery, uses concentrated beams of light.

Ultrasonic aspiration, uses high-frequency sound waves.

If a tumor is malignant and cannot be removed completely, radiation therapy and chemotherapy will be used.

If the tumor is serious and you have nothing to lose, you could be accepted for clinical trials which are experimental methods to treat tumors.

A spinal cord tumor is either a noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant) growth in or around the spinal cord.

Try to live a healthy lifestyle. Check out alternative treatments.

Brain tumors are generally serious because it's very difficult and delicate to remove them. Beware that despite the hype about the safety of cell phones, microwaves can cause tumors in my opinion. Get a headsuch that you don't put the to your ear.

One guy conquered his brain tumor by imagining a bright ray of light zapping it and shrinking it. Try interactiveimagery.com, 800-726-2070.

For the latest treatments, go to cancernet., 800-4cancer to the Physician's Data Query/ PDQ and the CNS tumors section.

Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors Websites

Try #618.9299 or RC280 at the library.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adultbrain/Patient, Adult

Brain Tumors Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/brain, Brain and other CNS tumor statistics.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Brain/Braintumors.aspx, Brain Tumors.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/brain/page1, What You Need To

Know About Brain Tumors.

abta.org, American Brain Tumor Association.

agog.org.au, Australian Genomics and Clinical Outcomes of Glioma

cancer.org/cancer/braincnstumorsinadults/detailedguide/index, Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults.

oncolink.org, Brain Cancer: The Guide.

braintumor.ca, Brain Tumor Foundation of Canada.

braintumor.ca/1323/fr, Francais Language Pages, Fondation

canadienne des tumeurs.

braintumor.ca, English Language Pages

braintumoraction.org.uk, Brain Tumor Action.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/cancer-advances-in-focus/brain,

Cancer Advances In Focus: Brain and other CNS cancers.

neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu, Massachusetts General Hospital;

Neurosurgical Service.

braintumor.org, National Brain Tumor Society.

facebook.com/pages/Philippine-Brain-Tumor-Alliance/139492062749160, Philippine Brain Tumor Alliance.

thebraintumorcharity.org, The Brain Tumor Charity.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Brain and CNS Tumors

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adultbrain/HealthProfessional, Adult Brain Tumors Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/brain, Brain and other CNS tumor statistics.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/brain-tumor, Brain Tumor.

aan.com, American Academy of Neurology.

link.springer.com/journal/10014, Brain Tumor Pathology.

eano.eu, European Association for NeuroOncology.

oncolex.org/en/CNS-tumors/Diagnoses/Intracranial-tumors,

Intracranial tumors in adults.

oncolex.org/en/CNS/Diagnoses/Intraspinal, Intraspinal tumors.

link.springer.com/journal/11060, Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?journal=310, Neuro-Oncology

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/brain.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Brain and Other Nervous System.

soc-neuro-onc.org, Society for Neuro-Oncology.

sano.co.at, Society of Austrian Neurooncology.

pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1929163&blobtype=pdf, WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System.

braintumor.jp, Japan Society of Brain Tumor Pathology.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case32.html, Case study: 20 Month Old boy

with Paravertebral Malignant Teratoma.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case191.html, Case study: 44-year-old man with primary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the brain.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case198.html, Case study: A 22 years old

female with intraventricular mass = choroid plexus carcinoma.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case142.html, Case study: A 30 year old male with ganglioglioma.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case3.html, Case study: A sixty-eight year old woman with glioblastoma in temporal lobe.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case106.html, Case study: A thirty-one year old woman wiht dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT).

path.upmc.edu/cases/case162.html, Case study: An 18 year old male with pilocytic astrocytoma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

abta.org, american brain tumor association, 800-886-2282

alexfoundation.com, tustin, ca, 714-734-6062, school for bt kids.

asch.net, hypnosis treatments.

asco.org

asha.org, 800-638-8255, speech-hearing.

aspn.org, pediatric neurosurgeons.

bancroft.org, 800-492-8249, programs in nj, la and me to help people with brain trauma.

bauleke.com, a brain tumor survivor.

brain.mgh.harvard.edu, massachusetts general hospital: brain tumor center.

brain-cancer-symptoms-inc.com

braintumor.org, national brain tumor foundation, 800-934-2873

braintumor.uab.edu, brain tumor treatment and research program.

braintumorcenter.org, falk brain tumor center, information about pediatric brain tumors.

braintumorfoundation.org, nyc.

braintumorprogram.umc.edu, the university of mississippi brain tumor program.

btfc.org, 519-642-7755, brain tumor.

btfcgainc.org, 800-458-5554, brain tumor foundation for children.

bts.convio.net, brain tumor society.

cancer.ca, 888-939-3333

cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/brain/

cancer.org, 800-acs-2345

cancerfightingstrategies.com

cancernet., 800-4cancer

candlelighters.ca, 800-363-1062

candlelighters.org, 800-366-cccf

carepages.com, life with a brain tumor.

cbtf.org, children's brain tumor, nyc (866) 228-4673, info@cbtf.org., 888-228-4673.

childhoodbraintumor.org

clinicaltrials.gov

cure.medinfo.org/nci/cancernet/2/200047.html, children's brain tumors.

curebraincancer.org, brain tumor activism.

cureresearch.com/s/spinal_cord_tumor/intro.htm

dana.org, newsletter cerebum.

drjho.com/spinal_cord_tumor_surgery.htm, minimally invasive spinal tumor surgery.

emedicine.com/med/topic2995.htm, intramedullary spinal cord tumors.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/brain_tumor

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/brain_tumor_society, watertown, ma.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/german_brain_tumor_association

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_notable_brain_tumor_patients

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/spinal_cord_compression, spinal cord compression develops when the spinal cord is compressed by a tumor, abscess or other lesion.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/spinal_tumor

epilepsyfoundation.org, 800-332-1000

goldbamboo.com/topic-t1134.html, brain tumor treatment and symptoms.

health care all about spinal cord tumors causes cancer.health-cares.net/spinal-cord-tumors.php

health.allrefer.com/health/health-topics-s1.html

healthatoz.com/healthatoz/atoz/ency/spinal_cord_tumors.jsp

healthline.com

humanbrains.info

hydroassoc.org, 888-598-3789, hydrocephalus.

joyferguson.faithweb.com, joy ferguson's brain tumor story.

lanminds.com/~randy/trial.html, brain tumor clinical trials.

legacyhealth.org/body.cfm?id=100, legacy cancer service's comprehensive cancer program.

makingheadway.org

mayoclinic.com/health/spinal-tumor

mayoclinic.com/health/brain-tumor

mayoclinic.org/spinal-cord-tumors

mayoclinic.org

med.jhu.edu/radiosurgery/nbtra, the national brain tumor radiosurgery association.

medicinenet.com/brain_tumor/article.htm

merck.com/mmhe/sec06/ch088/ch088c.html, spinal cord tumors.

mnsinc.com/cbtf, childhood brain tumor.

nabraintumor.org, the north american brain tumor coalition.

nccam.nih.gov, 888-644-6226, alternative medicine.

neurology.health-cares.net/spinal-cord-diseases.php

neurology.org

neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu

nf.org, 800-323-7938, neurofibromatosis.

ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brainandspinaltumors/brainandspinaltumors.htm

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000768.htm, brain tumors in children.

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001403.htm

nyneurosurgery.org/spinal.html

oncologychannel.com/braincancer/

pbtfus.org, pediatric brain tumor foundation.

projectwalk.org, spinal cord injury recovery.

sciencedaily.com/news/health_medicine/brain_tumor/

spinalcord.org, 800-962-9629

spinalcordtumor.homestead.com, spinal cord tumor association, inc.

spinalcordtumor.org

spinetumorcenter.mgh.harvard.edu

spineuniverse.com

stop-pain-naturally.org, holistic.

tbts.org, 800-770-8287, brain tumor society.

uchicagokidshospital.org/specialties/cancer/brain-spinal, university of chicago comer children's hospital.

umgcc.org, greenebaum cancer center, university of maryland.

umm.edu/ency/article/001403.htm

urmc.rochester.edu/smd/rad/hollar_html, spinal cord tumors.

virtualtrials.com, brain tumor trials and treatments.

webmd.com/cancer/brain-cancer/brain-spinal-cord-tumors

wecan.cc, pediatric brain tumor network.

wrongdiagnosis.com/s/spinal_cord_tumor/intro.htm

Brain Cancer Organizations

American Brain Tumor As sn.

#146

2720 River Rd.

Des Plaines, Il 60018

800-866-Abta

847-827-9918

Fax: 847-827-9918

abta.org

Assn. for Brain Tumor Research

6232 N. Pulaski Rd.

#200

Chicago, Il 60646

312-286-5571

Brain Tumor Foundation for Children

2231 Perimeter Pk. Dr.

Atlanta, Ga 30341

770-458-5554

Brain Tumor Hotline

U. of Chicago

5841 S. Maryland Ave.

#J331

Chicago, Il 60637-1470

800-824-0040

773-834-3000

uchicago,edu

Brain Tumor Society

84 Seattle St.

Boston, Ma 02134

800-770-8287

617-243-4229

info@tbts.org

tbts.org

Children's Brain Tumor Foundation

274 Madison Ave.

#1301

Nyc 10016

212-448-9494

childrensneuronet.org

National Brain Tumor Foundation

414 Thirteenth St.

#700

Sf, Ca 94612

800-934-Cure

510-839-9777

nbtf@braintumor.org

braintumor.org

Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation

302 Ridgefield Ct.

Asheville, Nc 28806

800-253-6530

The Brain Tumor Society

84 Seattle St

Boston, MA 02134

617-783-0340

800-770-8287

tbts.org

Brain Cancer Websites

Brain tumors and brain cance r usually spread from other cancers in the breast, lung and blood cells.

There is some talk about a brain cancer vaccine.

abta.org, american brain tumor association

braintrust.org, 877-252-8480, online support groups for brain tumors and other brain-related conditions.

brainstrust.org.uk, a proactive young brain tumor charity that supports people living with a brain tumor in the uk.

braintumorimmunologyfoundation.org

ehow.com, brain stem tumors

livestrong.com/article/162209-brain-stem-tumor-symptoms

macmillan.org.uk/cancerinformation/cancertypes/brain/aboutbraintumors/thebrain.aspx

aacr.org/home/publicmedia/forthemedia/factsheets/organsitefactsheets/braincancer.aspx

abc2.org, accelerate brain cancer cure.

brainmetsbc.org, a place to learn about brain metastases from a patient perspective.

abta.org, 800-886-2282, american brain tumor association.

acor.org/pedonc/hp/brainpages.html

brain.hastypastry.net

braincancerpittsburgh.com

brainpop.com

braincancerresearch4thecure.com

valleyz.blogspot.com/2008/09/plastics-involved-in-brain-disorders.html

brainsflight.com

cancerfightingstrategies.com

brainsrule.com

brainlife.org, brain tumor medical database, current neuro-oncology, collection of medical literature references about brain tumors including experimental treatments and alternative therapies.

brain-surgery.com

braintalk.com

braintrust.org

braintumor.org, 800-934-2873.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/brain

cancer.stanford.edu/braincancer

cancerbiopsies.com/brain-tumor/brain-tumor.htm

cancercenter.com/braincancer.cfm

cancercenter.com/brain-cancer.cfm

changesurfer.com/bd/brain.html

csmc.edu/5192.html

emedicinehealth.com/brain_cancer/article_em.htm

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/brain_cancer

jamesline.com/cancertypes/brain/

joyferguson.faithweb.com, joy ferguson's brain tumor story.

massgeneral.org/cancer, massachusetts general hospital cancer center.

mdanderson.org/diseases/braincancer/

medicinenet.com/brain_tumor/article.htm

neurologychannel.com

neurologychannel.com/braincancer/index.shtml

neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu

neurosurgery.pitt.edu/braintumor, university of pittsburgh, brain tumor center.

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/braincancer.html

nwhospital.org, northwest hospital, seattle.

oncolink.org

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/brain

oncologychannel.com/braincancer en.wikipedia.org/wiki/accelerate_brain_cancer_cure

oncologychannel.com/braincancer/index.shtml

pbtfus.org, pediatric brain tumor foundation

sontagfoundation.com, brain cancer foundation offers brain cancer research grants to medical researchers.

stoppainnaturally.org, brain tumor cancer cures.

braincenter.org/

survivingbraincancer.com

cancernet./wyntk_pubs/brain.htm

tbts.org, brain tumor society.

webmd.com/brain/news

webmd.com/cancer/braincancer

medhelp.org/lib/cancernet/205741.htm

briancancer.com

wemove.org, movement disorders.

wrongdiagnosis.com/b/brain_cancer/causes.htm

American Academy of Neurology

1080 Montreal Ave.

St. Paul, Mn 55116

651-695-1940

web@aan.com

aan.com

American Brain Tumor Assn.

2720 River Rd.

#146

Des Plaines, Il 60018

800-886-2282

847-827-9910

Fax: 847-9918

abta@aol.com

abta.org

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

9000 Rockville Pike

Bldg. 31

Bethesda, Md 20892

301-496-7243

ninds.nih.gov

Ucla Neuropsychiatric Institute

Westwood Campus

300 Medical Plaza

La, Ca 90024

800-825-9989

310-825-9989

mentalhealth.ucla.edu

Pituitary Tumor Websites

The pituitary is a hormone-producing gland in the brain behind the nose.

The most common type of pituitary tumor is a pituitary adenoma which is usually benign.

There are other types of pituitary tumors including:

pituitary carcinoma

spindle cell oncocytoma

pituicytomas

granular cell tumor

It’s a tough place to get cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/pituitary/Patient, Pituitary

Tumors Treatment.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Brain/Typesofbraintumors/Pituitarytumors.aspx, Pituitary gland tumors.

youtube.com

pituitarysociety.org/public/specific/gammaradiation, Gamma Knife radiation therapy for pituitary tumors.

neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu, Massachusetts General Hospital;

Neurosurgical Service.

oncolink.org, Pituitary Cancer: The Guide.

pituitarysociety.org, Pituitary Society, The.

abta.org/secure/pituitary-tumors-brochure.pdf, Pituitary Tumors.

cancer.org/cancer/pituitarytumors/detailedguide/index, Pituitary

Tumors.

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pituitarytumors.html, Pituitary Tumors.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/brain-tumor/treatment/types/treatment-for-pituitary-tumors, Treatment for pituitary tumors.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pituitary Tumors.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/pituitary/HealthProfessional, Pituitary Tumors Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/Pituitary-Tumors.htm, Pituitary Tumors.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case144.html, Case study: a 41 year old female with atypical carcinoid tumor of the pituitary.

Brain Tumor Associations, Organizations, Websites from theagapecenter.com/Organizations/Conditions-Diseases/Brain-Tumor.htm

abta.org, American Brain Tumor Association (ABTA).

braintumorfoundation.org, Brain Tumor Foundation (BTF).

btfcgainc.org, Brain Tumor Foundation for Children (BTFC).

braintumour.ca, Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada (BTFC). Canada (CA).

tbts.org, Brain Tumor Society.

cbtc.ca, Canadian Brain Tumour Consortium (CBTC), Canada (CA).

cbtrus.org, Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS).

childhoodbraintumor.org, Childhood Brain Tumor Foundation (CBTF).

virtualtrials.com, Musella Foundation for Brain Tumor Research and Information.

braintumor.org, National Brain Tumor Foundation (NBTF).

nabraintumor.org, North American Brain Tumor Coalition (NABTC).

pbtc.org, Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC).

pbtfus.org, Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation of the United States (PBTFUS).

Chapter 3. Bone Cancer Info

Bone Cancer Info

Primary bone tumors start in the bone.

Secondary bone cancer is a situation where the cancer spread to the bones from another part of the body.

The most common types of bone tumor are:

osteosarcoma

Ewing's sarcoma

Chondrosarcoma, cancer in cartilage cells

mesenchymal-chondrosarcoma

Fibrous Histiocytoma of bone, MFH,

Chondoma, low grade malignancy

Prim ary bone cancer is cancer that begins in the bone versus cancer that spreads to the bone from another part of the body. Osteosarcoma is the most common form of primary bone cancer. Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, ?brosarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor and chordoma are other types of primary bone cancer.

Bone cancer is often detected when a bone breaks without an obvious cause. You might feel pain in the afflicted bone.

There are bone scans, X rays and blood tests to detect bonew cancer. If a tumor is found, tests are done to determine whether it is benign or malignant.

Some imaging tests are:

Radionuclide scanning, a radioactive substance is injected into the bloodstream to produce images that show where the cancer is growing.

Computed tomography (CT) scanning.

Magnetic resonance imaging/ MRI.

Angiography, X rays of the blood vessels taken after a special dye is injected into the bloodstream.

A bone biopsy is the removal of a small piece of bone tissue from the tumor for microscopic examination.

Bone cancer is treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Bone tumors are removed with surgery.

A bone graft is the replacement of the diseased section of the bone with healthy human bone from a bone bank).

If a tumor is large or has begun to spread throughout the bone, amputation may be the only option.

Bone Cancer Websites

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/bone, Bone and connective tissue cancer statistics.

drkoop.com/video/93/1878.html

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/bone-cancer, Bone Cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/bone-cancer, Bone Cancer.

bcrt.org.uk, Bone Cancer Research Trust.

cancer.org/cancer/bonecancer/detailedguide/index, Bone Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/bone, Bone Cancer

Fact Sheet.

newcastle-hospitals.org.uk/services/musculoskeletal_services_north-

of-england-bone-and-soft-tissue-tumor.aspx, North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Service.

Australia

sarcomabonecancer.org, Sarcoma and Bone Cancer Research

Foundation Association.

China

jst-hosp.com.cn/Default.aspx?tabid=847

jst-hosp.com.cn/Default.aspx?tabid=847, English Language Pages

Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital; Department of Orthopaedic Oncology

Surgery.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bone Cancer, primary.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bone Neoplasms

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/bone, Bone and connective tissue cancer statistics.

bonetumor.org, Bonetumor.org.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case64.html, Case 64: Coccygeal Chordoma

coccygeal mass.

clinicalsarcomaresearch.com, Clinical Sarcoma Research.

emsos.org, European Musculo-Skeletal Oncology Society.

seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/bone.pdf, toxic with cancer cells Bone Tumors.

msts.org, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society.

prezi.com, Newcastle Sarcoma Notes, Orthopaedic Oncology.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/bones.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Bone and Joint.

tumorsurgery.org, Tumorsurgery.org.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, PubMed at the National Library of

Medicine, US, PubMed.

C hondrosarcoma Websites

Chondrosarcoma forms in bone cartilage.

The primary sites are:

the pelvis

shoulder

ribs

the ends of the arms and legs.

Chondrosarcoma can occur in young people but occurs mostly in people older than 40 years.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a type of chondrosarcoma that tends to occur in younger people.

Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma is a rare type of chondrosarcoma which forms in the soft tissues, not bone cartilage.

cancer-genetics.org/X0204.htm, Molecular Genetics of

Chondrosarcoma.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Bone/Typesofbonecancer/Chondrosarcoma.aspx, Chondrosarcoma.

sarcomahelp.org/chondrosarcoma.html, Chondrosarcoma.

chondrosarcoma-support.org, Chondrosarcoma Support Group

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Chondrosarcoma, Search PubMed

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=Chondrosarcoma, Search PubMed

Central for free access articles

bonetumor.org/tumors-cartilage/chondrosarcoma

BoneTumor.org

bonetumor.org/tumors-foot-and-ankle/chondrosarcoma-foot-and-ankle, Chondrosarcoma; Foot and Ankle.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

E wing's Sarcoma Websites

Ewing's sarcoma/ Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET) is a cancer of the bone usually found in children and teens.

It is less common in children under three and in adults.

Ewing's s can occur in any bone.

The most common bones are:

the pelvis

thigh

lower leg

upper arm

rib

The tumor is made up of small round blue cells.

Ewing's sarcoma can occur extra-skeletal soft tissue.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/ewings/Patient, Ewing

Sarcoma Treatment.

nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-bone/Pages/Introduction.aspx, Bone cancer (sarcoma).

bcrt.org.uk, Bone Cancer Research Trust.

cancer.net/cancer-types/ewing-family-tumors-childhood, Ewing

Family of Tumors; Childhood.

youtube.com, Ewing's sarcoma

cancer.org/cancer/ewingfamilyoftumors/detailedguide/index, Ewing Family of Tumors.

cancerindex.org/bone/ewing.htm, About James Ewing (1866; 1943)

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=E-SARCOMA,

E-SARCOMA; online support group and discussion list.

childrensoncologygroup.org/index.php/ewingsarcoma, Ewing

Sarcoma.

ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ewing-sarcoma, Ewing Sarcoma.

ewingssarcomainfo.org, Ewing Sarcoma Coalition.

orthoinfo.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00082, Ewing's Sarcoma, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

sarcomahelp.org/ewings-sarcoma.html, Ewing's Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT).

sarcomahelp.org, Liddy Shriver Sarcoma Initiative.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Ewing's Sarcoma, Search PubMed

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/ewings/HealthProfessional, Ewing Sarcoma Treatment.

bonetumor.org

path.upmc.edu/cases/case103.html, Case study: A nineteen year old man with Ewing's Sarcoma, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh

bonetumor.org/tumors-bone/ewings-sarcoma, Ewing's Sarcoma.

cancer-genetics.org/X0202.htm, Genetic features of Ewing's Sarcoma.

Osteosarcoma Websites/ Osteogenic Sarcoma Websites

Osteogenic Sarcoma/ osteosarcoma is a bone tumor often occurring in teenagers and young adults.

Most of these tumors are in the metaphysis, the growing ends of

the bone.

The bones around the knee account for 80% of cases.

Most are high grade intramedullary osteosarcomas.

Some are low grade lesions.

Some are secondary osteosarcomas caused by radiation therapy.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/osteosarcoma/Patient,

Osteosarcoma

nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-bone/Pages/Introduction.aspx, Bone cancer, sarcoma.

bcrt.org.uk, Bone Cancer Research Trust.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Bone/Typesofbonecancer/Osteosarcoma.aspx, Osteosarcoma.

cancer.net/cancer-types/osteosarcoma-childhood, Osteosarcoma;

Childhood.

bcrt.org.uk/bci_what_is_osteosarcoma.php, What is osteosarcoma?

youtube.com, osteosarcoma

ctu.mrc.ac.uk/euramos, European and American Osteosarcoma Study Group.

sarcomahelp.org, Liddy Shriver Sarcoma Initiative.

cancer.org/cancer/osteosarcoma/detailedguide/index, Osteosarcoma

childrensoncologygroup.org/index.php/osteosarcoma, Osteosarcoma

sarcoma.org.uk, Sarcoma UK.

sarcoma.org.uk/Sarcoma-UK-Online-Support-Groups, Sarcoma UK Online Support Group.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Osteosarcoma.

bonetumor.org, Bonetumor.org.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case10.html, Case 10: A 12 year old male with an osteolytic lesion of the proximal left tibia.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case44.html, Case 44: Pain in Lower Thigh.

bonetumor.org/clinical-case/3-year-old-knee-pain, Clinical Case: 3 year old with knee pain, small cell osteosarcoma.

emedicine.medscape.com/article/98836-over3, Pediatric

Osteosarcoma.

emedicine.medscape.com/article/123219-over3, Telangiectatic

Osteosarcoma.

cancer-genetics.org/X0203.htm, Genetic features of Osteosarcoma.

Secondary Bone Cancer (bone metastasis)

Secondary Bone Cancer (bone metastasis) is cancer that has spread to the bones from other parts of the body. The cancer did not originate in the bones.

Cancer that started in the bones is primary bone cancer.

Virtually all cancers can spread to bone.

Bone metastases are common in people with breast, lung or prostate cancer.

Bone metastases can can lead to hypercalcemia (abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood).

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Bonesecondary/Tr eatingsecondarybonecancer/Bisphosphonates.aspx, Bisphosphonates for secondary bone cancer

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-questions/pain -control-for-bone-cancer, Pain control for bone cancer

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Bonesecondary/Se condarybonecancer.aspx, Secondary bone cancer

cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/bonemetastasis/ind ex, Bone Metastasis

mayoclinic.com/health/bone-metastasis/DS01206, Bone metastasis

cancer.med.umich.edu/cancertreat/tissue_bone/bone_metastasis.shtml, Bone Metastasis

nursingtimes.net/bone-metastasis-secondary-illness-primary-concern/ 2003.article, Bone metastasis

youtube.com, bone cancer

orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00093, Metastatic Bone Disease

orthopaedicsone.com/pages/3page.action?pageId=447, Metastatic bone lesions (pathological fractures)

my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/metastatic_bone_tumors/or_overvie w.aspx, Metastatic bone tumor fundamentals

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/metastatic, Metastatic Cancer

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bone Cancer (secondary), Search PubMed database for Bone Cancer (secondary)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=Bone Cancer (secondary)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Myelodysplastic Syndromes/ MDS, Myelodysplasia, Bon e Marrow Diseases

Myelodysplastic Syndrome, or MDS, is a group of diseases where the bone marrow doesn't produce enough healthy blood cells. They are also called clonal hematopoietic disorders.

MDS is not a cancer but some forms can become Acute Myeloid Leukemia/ AML.

aamds.org, 800-747-2820, aplastic anemia and mds (myelodysplastic syndromes).

aplastic.org

mds-foundation.org

askaboutiron.com, 10 or more blood transfusions? you should know about iron overload.

baronandbudd.com/legal_services/benzene/effects/mds

benzenelawsuits.com/mds-myelodysplastic-syndrome.cfm

benzene-leukemia.com, benzene leukemia, benzene exposure causes leukemia, benzene lawyers.

benzene-leukemia-lawyer.com

benzeneweb.com/syndrome.asp

bu.edu, the national mds registry at boston university.

cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/myelodysplastic/healthprofessional

cancer.nchmd.org/treatment.aspx

cancer.org

clevelandclinicmeded.com/diseasemanagement/hematology/myelo/myelo.htm

clinicaltrials.gov, look up myelodysplastic syndrome.

coenzyme-q10.nutri.us/coenzyme-q10-myelodysplastic-syndrome.html

content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/355/14/1456, lenalidomide in the myelodysplastic syndrome with chromosome 5q deletion.

emedicine.com/med/topic2695.htm

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/myelodysplastic_syndrome

excessiron.com/iron_overload_news.jsp

fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2005/new01289.html, fda approves new treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (mds).

glutathione-report.com/blog/index.php

irontoxicity.com

irontoxicity.com/hcp/conditions/myelodysplastic_syndrome.jsp

leukemiainfocenter.com/myelodysplastic_syndrome/centerspan.org/pubs/news/0597c.htm

leukemialawyer.com

leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=55442

leukemia-web.org/mds-myelodysplastic-syndrome.htm

managemds.com

mayoclinic.com/health/myelodysplastic-syndromes/fhcrc.org/research/diseases/myelodysplastic

mdanderson.org

mdanderson.org/diseases/mds

mds-foundation.org

mdsmedicationinfo.com

medifocus1.com/myelodysplastic-syndrome.php

mskcc.org/mskcc/html/8189.cfm, sloan-kettering's services for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.

myelodysplastic-info.com

naturalhealingprogram.com

/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/myelodysplastic/patient

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html

peoples-health.com/myelodysplastic.htm

raysahelian.com/myelodysplastic.html

tirgan.com/mds.htm

upmccancercenters.com, upmc cancer centers recognized as center of excellence in myelodysplastic syndrome, pittsburgh.

Bisphosphonates, Cancer, Bone Metasasis, Bone Pain, Osteoclasts

Cancer can speed up the breakdown of bone and release extra calcium from the bones into the blood.

Bisphosphonates are drugs which slow down the breakdown of bones and strengthen them.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/treatment/bisphospho nate, Bisphosphonates

cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/chemothera py-and-other-drug-therapies/bisphosphonates/?region=on, Bisphosphonates

Canadian Cancer Society

cancer.org/cancer/multiplemyeloma/detailedguide/multiple-myeloma -treating-bisphosphonates, Bisphosphonates for multiple myeloma

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bisphosphonates, Search PubMed database for Bisphosphonates, Bisphosphonates

Pamidronate (Aredia)

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4674&loc=ec _rcs, 2D structure of Pamidronate from PubChem record

evidence.nhs.uk/formulary/bnf/current/a1-interactions/list-of-drug-int eractions/bisphosphonates/disodium-pamidronate, Disodium Pamidronate

cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/guidetocancerdrugs/pa midronate, Pamidronate

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4674&loc=ec _rcs, pamidronate; Compound Summary

oncolink.org/treatment/article.cfm?c=143&id=468, Pamidronate

cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/pamidronatedisodium, Pamidronate Disodium

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601163.html, Pamidronate Injection

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zoledronic acid (Zometa)

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=68740, 2D structure of Zoledronic acid from PubChem

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/treatment/cancer-dru gs/zoledronic-acid, Zoledronic acid (Zometa)

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertreatment/Treatmenttype s/Supportivetherapies/Bisphosphonates/Zoledronicacid.aspx, Zoledronic acid

cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/guidetocancerdrugs/zo ledronic-acid, Zoledronic Acid

cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/zoledronicacid, Zoledronic Acid

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=68740, zoledronic acid; Compound Summary

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a60323.html, Zoledronic Acid Injection

us.zometa.com, About ZOMETA

Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplants Information (BMT)

med.umn.edu/peds/bmt/home.html, University of Minnesota Bone

Marrow Transplant.

612-626-2961

Fax: 612-626-4074

nbmtlink.org, National Bone Marrow Transplant Link.

800-546-5268 (BMT Link)

bonemarrow.org, Bone Marrow Foundation.

800-365-1336

212-838-3029

marrow.org, National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP).

800-627-7692

oncolink.com/books/books.cfm?b=10, Oncolink Bone Marrow

Transplant Home Page

listserv.acor.org/archives/bmt-talk.html, The online archive of

BMT-Talk messages

ibmtr.org, International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry

cancerguide.org/bone_marrow.html, CancerGuide: Bone Marrow

Transplant Information

angelfire.com/ca/SOISSSTE, Dr. Jose Rafael Borbolla

Escoboza Hematology BMT Links

leukemia.acor.org, Bone Marrow Transplant Resources

transweb.org, Transplantation and Donation

anthonynolan.com, The Anthony Nolan Bone Marrow Trust UK

bone-marrow.org, The Gift of Life Bone Marrow Foundation

Bone Marrow Registry and Foundation

bmdw.org/Addresses/USA.html, Bone Marrow Donor and Cord

Blood Registries in the USA

bmdw.org, Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide

hlaregistry.com, HLA Registry Foundation, Inc.

shareyourlife.org, Coalition on Donation

transplantfund.org, National Transplant Assistance Fund

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/bone-marrow-transplant,

Bone Marrow Transplantation

nebraskamed.com/transplant/contact_us_today.cfm, Pediatric Bone

Marrow Transplant Program.

402-559-6406

402-0559-7240 --at University

of Nebraska

holm.cc/peter/abmt.html, Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant

bmtsupport.ie, Ireland BMT Support Group

uccc.info/cancercenter/content/BMT, University of Colorado Bone

Marrow Transplant Program

mdanderson.org/departments/bmt, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Bone Marrow Websites

stockton-press.co.uk/bmt, Bone Marrow Transplantation

cancer.umn.edu/page/research/trsplant/bmt.html, University

of Minnesota Transplant Biology and Therapy Center.

comnet.org/nbmtlink, National Bone Marrow Transplant Link

(BMT Link).

bonemarrow.org, Bone Marrow Foundation.

marrow.org, National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP).

oncolink.upenn.edu/specialty/med_onc/bmt, Oncolink Bone

Marrow Transplant Home Page.

ai.mit.edu/people/laurel/Bmt-talk/bmt-talk.html, The online

archive of BMT-Talk messages an E-Mail List about BMTs

bmtnews.org, BMT Newsletter Outstanding resource and

information for the patient and professional alike

ibmtr.org, International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry.

cancerguide.org/bone_marrow.html, CancerGuide: Bone Marrow

Transplant Information.

transweb.org, Transplantation and Donation.

anthonynolan.com, The Anthony Nolan Bone Marrow Trust UK.

Children’s Organizations

bone-marrow.org, The Gift of Life Bone Marrow

FoundationBone Marrow Registry and Foundation

BMDW.ORG/Addresses/USA.html, Bone Marrow Donor and

Cord Blood Registries in the USA.

BMDW.ORG, Bone Marrow Donors Worldwideis a project for

the collection of the HLA

coordination of their worldwide distribution.

hlaregistry.org, HLA Registry Foundation, Inc. Member of the

National Marrow Donor Program, assists patients with diseases like

leukemia and aplastic anemia to find a matching unrelated marrow

donor for a life saving transplant.

shareyourlife.org, Coalition on DonationPromotes organ and

tissue donation.

transplantfund.org, National Transplant Assistance

FundFinancial Assistance

text.nlm.nih.gov/nih/cdc/www/80txt.html#Head7, Bone Marrow

Transplantation.

unmc.edu/Pediatrics/BMT/mainmenu.html, Pediatric Bone

Marrow Transplant Program at University of Nebraska

bmtsupport.ie/ambrose.html, Ambrose's BMT Story and Ireland

BMT Support Group.

uchsc.edu/uh/marrow/www, University of Colorado Bone Marrow

Transplant Program.

mdacc.tmc.edu/~bmt, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Algunos Servicios De Hematologia Y De Trasplante De Medula Osea "Online" (Some Online Hematology And Bone Marrow Transplant Departments)

iccbmt.com, Unidad de Trasplante de médula ósea y células tallo

de la Case Western Reserve University y la Universidad de Cleveland

(Case Western Reserve University, University of Cleveland, Bone

Marrow and Stem Cell transplant program)

neorcc.on.ca, Unidad de Trasplante autólogo de Sudbury, Ontario Canada. (Ontario's Sudbury autologous stem cell transplant

program)

info.med.yale.edu/ycc, Yale Cancer Center.

ibase.org.br/incancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancer do

Brasil.

morrison.jci.tju.edu, The Kimmel Cancer Center.

mbl.dkfz-heidelberg.de/index.html, German Cancer Research

Center.

mskcc.org, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.

mgh.harvard.edu/depts/heme-onc/oncology.html, Massachusetts

General Hospital Division of Hematology and Oncology.

IBMT.com, Indiana's Methodist Hospital Blood and Marrow

Transplantation program (Programa de trasplante de sangre y médula del Hospital metodista en Indianapolis, Indiana).

hcc.musc.edu/hemonc, Medical University of South Carolina

Division of Hematology/Oncology.

amed01.amg.gda.pl/AAMG/INSTYT/CH_WEW/hem.html,

Servicio de Hematología, Escuela de Medicina de la Acadaemia de

Medicina de GDANSK, Polonia (Hematology service of the medical

school of Gdansks' Academy of Medicine).

medline.zki.uni-frankfurt.de/dept/haema, Pediatric Hematology

service, University of Frankfurt, Germany (Servicio de hematología

pediatrica, Univ. de Frankfurt, Alemania).

madonna.tch.tmc.edu, Texas Children's Cancer Center and

Hematology Service.

hemonc.ucsf.edu, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University

of California-San Francisco.

rmoldwin.bsd.uchicago.edu, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology,

University of Chicago.

mmcri.mmc.org/~varyc/hemeres/hemeres.htm, Hematology Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute.

cancer.mgh.harvard.edu/medOnc/sickle.htm, Joint Center for

Sickle Cell and Thalassemia, Brigham and Women's Hospital/ Massachusetts General Hospital.

nhlbi.nih.gov/nhlbi/nhlbi.htm, National Heart, Lung and Blood

Institute, U.S.

temple.edu/departments/SSTRC, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University.

hmc.pennstatehealth.org, Special Hematology Lab, Penn State's Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.

med.stanford.edu/MedSchool/bmt, Division of Bone

Marrow Transplant at, Stanford University.

cancer.mgh.harvard.edu/medonc/oncology.htm, Division of

Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital.

imed2024.med.uth.tmc.edu, Division of Hematology, University

of Texas, Houston.

ucsd.edu/hemonc/HemOncHomePage.html, Division of

Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego.

oncvx1.roc.wayne.edu/welcome_text.html, Division of

Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University.

med.upenn.edu/~phematol, Division of Pediatric Hematology,

University of Pennsylvania Medical Center.

mssm.edu/peds/hemeonc.html, Division of Pediatric

Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

uokhsc.edu/sections/hemaonco/default.html, Hematology/Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma.

rmoldwin.bsd.uchicago.edu/default.htm, Pediatric

Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago.

isnet.is.wfu.edu/bgsm/hema_onc/home.html, Section of

Hematology/Oncology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University.

cjp.com/labhem, Laboratory Hematology onLine.

labmed.washington.edu/Division/Hematology, Laboratorio de

Hematología U. de Washington.

med.jhu.edu/hematology/division.htm, División de Hematología

Johns Hopkins.

peds.umn.edu/Divisions/Hematology.html, Division de

hemato/oncología, Univ. de Minessota.

vumclib.mc.vanderbilt.edu/vumcdept/hematology.html, Depto. de Hematología, Centro Médico de la Univ. Vanderbilt.

med.mcgill.ca/postgrad/ENGLISH/hematol.htm, Departamento de hematología, U. McGill (Canada).

med.umich.edu/intmed/hemeonc, División de hemato/oncología,

Univ. de Michigan.

cc.emory.edu/PEDS/hem3.htm, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Emory University.

med.nyu.edu/pedho, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Program,

New York University.

informatics.sunysb.edu/internalmed/hematol/hemehom.html, Division of Hematology, State University of New York at Stony Brook.

rmoldwin.bsd.uchicago.edu, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology,

University of Chicago.

imed2024.med.uth.tmc.edu, Hematology Division, University of

Texas Houston Medical School.

imed2024.med.uth.tmc.edu/labs.html, Laboratorios de

investigación de hematología del U. of Texas Health Sciences

Center.

med.upenn.edu/~phematol, Division de Hematología Penn State

Univ.

krenet.it/A/bambi/welcome.html, Children Oncology and

Hematology Ward, Hospital Silvestrini Perugia, Italia.

med.nyu.edu/Research/R.Basch-res.html, Laboratorio de

hematología del desarrollo, U. de Nueva York.

vh.radiology.uiowa.edu./Welcome/UIHC/UIHCMedDepts/cancercntr/html/BoneMar.html, The University of Iowa Clinical Cancer Center BMT Program.

peds.umn.edu/Centers/BMT/default.html, University of Minnesota BMT Program.

norm41.hsc.usc.edu/norris/departments/hematology/bmt.html, University of Southern California/Kenneth Norris Cancer Center BMT Program.

stjude.org/www/cbt/bmtfact.html, St. Jude Hospital BMT Fact

Sheet.

rmh.edu/rmh/prominent/marrow1.html, RMH Bone Marrow

Transplant Program.

med.Stanford.EDU/MedSchool/bmt, Stanford University Bone Marrow Transplant Facility.

fhcrc.org/~clinical, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center BMT Clinical Division.

fourdegrees.altabates.com/bmt, Alta Bates Medical Center BMT

Program.

1.cc.emory.edu/PEDS/HEMONC, Emory Pediatric

Hem/Onc/BMT.

mgh.harvard.edu/depts/heme-onc/BMT.HTM, MGH Bone Marrow Transplant.

cancer.med.ohio-state.edu/clinical/programs/bmt.htm, Ohio

State University BMT Program.

wumshome.wustl.edu/peds/Hemonc/default.html#bone, Pediatric

BMT Program Washington University.

slu.edu/departments/medicine/ar94/bmt.html, St Louis University HSC BMT Program.

fishbein1.jci.tju.edu, The Thomas Jefferson University Bone

Marrow Transplant Program.

mcl.tulane.edu/cancer_center/bmt.html, Tulane Univ Cancer

Center BMT Program.

uokhsc.edu/sections/hemaonco/bbmt.htm, Univ of Oklahoma HSC Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Program.

uchsc.edu/uh/marrow/www/index.html, University of Colorado

Bone Marrow Transplant Main Menu.

cancer.med.umich.edu/clrsrchhi12.html, Univ of Michigan BMT

Program.

ahsc.arizona.edu/~umc/marrow.htm, University Medical Center

(UMC Arizona) BMT Program.

azcc.arizona.edu, Arizona Cancer Center.

uchsc.edu/chancllr/UCCC/UCCC.html, University of Colorado

Cancer Center.

beerman.med.buffalo.edu/rpci.htm, Roswell Park Cancer Institute.

pacificcancerinstitute.com, maui, hi.

lenti.med.umn.edu/fcc, University of Minnessota's Familial

Cancer Clinic.

Christie.man.ac.uk, Christie Cancer Research Centre.

dfci.harvard.edu, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.

fhcrc.org, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

hemonc.pediatrics.med.ufl.edu, University of Florida's Pediatric Oncology Group.

fccc.edu, Fox Chase Cancer Center.

daisy.moffitt.usf.edu, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center.

nwu.edu, Northwestern University's Lurie Cancer Center.

kcr.uky.edu/markey.html, Markey Cancer Center.

unmc.edu/11/Pediatrics, Nebraska University's Pediatric

Bone Marrow Transplant Program.

utmdacc.mda.uth.tmc.edu, The University of Texas M. D.

Anderson Cancer Center.

isnet.is.wfu.edu/bgsm/hema_onc/pcs.html, Wake Forest University BMT Program.

sm.ic.ac.uk/haematology/home.htm, Haematology Dept., Imperial College of Medicine at St. Mary's.

icr.ac.uk/haemcyto/haemcyto.htm, Academic Dept. of

Haematology and Cytogenetics. Univ. of London and the Royal

Marsden NHS Trust.

medocs.ucdavis.edu/Hematology/index.htm, University of

California Davis-Hematology Department.

hemonc.ucsf.edu, University of California San Francisco-Divison

of Hematology/Oncology.

zappa.mmcri.mmc.org/~varyc/hemeres/hemeres.htm, Investigación en Hematología de el centro Médico de Maine EE.UU. (Hematology Research at Maine Medical Center Research Institute).

research.med.umkc.edu/Image_Bank/MeSH_Sections/Hematology.html, University of Missouri Medical School-Hematology.

medlib.iupui.edu/cicnet/hema/hema.html, Indiana University

School of Medicine-Hematology.

cancerinstitute.com, Instituto de Cáncer del NorEste de Louisiana

(NorthEast Lousinana Cancer Institute).

acsusun.acsu.unsw.edu.au/~p8909166/haematology, Institute of

Haematolgy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sidney, Australia.

hku.hk/paed/home/haem.html, Serv. de hematología pediátrica del Hospital Queen Mary de Hong Kong (Paediatric Haematology at Hong Kong's Queen Mary Hospital).

sunsite.wits.ac.za/wits/fac/med/haem.html, Departamento de

Hematología de la Univ. de Witwatersrand Sudafrica (Haematology

department at Southafrica's Witwatersrand University) (Johannesburg).

Chapter 4. Leukemia; Cancer of the Blood

Leukemia/ Myeloma Info

Leukemia is cancer of the b lood. The white blood cells multiply until they take up all the space in the bone marrow, forcing the healthy cells out. They take over. Some different types are:

Acute lymphocytic leukemia/ ALL

Acute myelogenous leukemia/ AML

Acute promyelocytic leukemia/ APL

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/ CLL

Chronic myelogemous leukemia/ CML

Hairy cell leukemia/ HCL

Myelodysplastic syndrome/ MDS

Meningeal lymphocytic leukemia/ MLL

Multiple myeloma/ MM

Prolymphocytic leukemia/ PLL

Polycythemia vera/ PV

Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes/ SLVL

A complete blood count test/ CBC can determine if you have leukemia. A specialist is referred to either as a hematologist (blood expert) or an oncologist (cancer expert).

The standard treatments are:

Biological therapy. Interferons, interleukins, etc. are used which are manmade copies of good substances in the body used to enhance their performance.

Chemotherapy. Use of chemicals to stop the cancerous cells.

Surgery. Cut out the toxic area.

Radiotherapy. Shooting waves at the affected area to shrink it down.

Transplantation. Often bone marrow, stem cells and/ or cord blood transplantation are used.

Leukemia Websites 1

Try #616.9941 or RC643 at the li brary.

themaxfoundation.org, The Max Foundation.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/leukemia, What You Need to Know About Leukemia.

lls.org, Leukaemia and Lymphoma Society.

France

laurettefugain.org, Association Laurette Fugain.

calgb.org, Cancer and Leukemia Group B.

centpoursanglavie.com, Cent Pour Sang La Vie.

fcarreras.org, Fundacion Josep Carreras contra la Leucemia.

Josep Carreras Leukaemia Foundation.

fcarreras.org/en, English Language Pages

Australia

lfq.org.au, Leukaemia Foundation of Queensland.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/leukaemia,

Leukaemia statistics.

Singapore

llf.org.sg, Leukemia and Lymphoma Foundation, Singapore.

lls.org/content/nationalcontent/resourcecenter/freeeducationmaterials/leukemia/pdf/understandingleukemia.pdf, Understanding Leukemia.

Leukaemia and Lymphoma Society.

aclt.org, African Caribbean Leukaemia Trust.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Leukaemia, Search PubMed

database for Leukaemia

calgb.org, Cancer and Leukemia Group B.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/leukaemia,

Leukaemia statistics.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/leuks.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Leukemia.

multiplemyeloma.org

leukemiacancer.net

lymphomafocus.com

myeloma.uams.edu, myeloma institute for research and therapy

mayoclinic.org/multiple-myeloma/

medifocus.com/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia.php

acor.org

acor.org/diseases/hematology/leukemia

acor.org/leukemia

acor.org/leukemia/storydir

alumni.caltech.edu/~mike/lymphoma

blochcancer.org, 800-433-0464, talk with a survivor of your type of cancer.

caltech.edu/~mike/lymphoma/

caltech.edu/~mike/lymphoma/org.html

cancer.med.upenn.edu/disease/leukemia

cfl.org, 800-cfl-6848, cure for lymphoma foundation.

childrensleukemia.org, info on adult leukemia too.

cllfoundation.org, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

cll.ucsd.edu, cllrc@ucsd.edu, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

fahct.org, foundation for the accreditation of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

feb.se/nci_childhoodleukemia hematology.org

icic./clinpdq/pif/aids-related_lymphoma_patient.html

iseh.org, international society for experimental hematology.

leukemia.org, 800-9554lsa

leukemia-lymphoma.org, 800-955-4572.

leukemia.demon.co.uk/patinfo.htm

leukemia.org, 800-955-4lsa

leukemiaresearch.org

lightthenight.org, 800 955 4572

listserv.acor.org/archives/hem-onc.html, hematological malignancies.

listserv.acor.org/archives/all-l.html, acute lymphocytic leukemia.

listserv.acor.org/archives/aml.html, acute myeloid leukemia.

listserv.acor.org/archives/bmt-talk.html, bone marrow transplant for cancer.

listserv.acor.org/archives/cll.hhhtml, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

listserv.acor.org/archives/cll-cn.html, leukemia in canada.

listserv.acor.org/archives/cml.html, chronic myelogenous leukemia.

listserv.acor.org/archives/gvhd.html, chronic graft-versus-host disease.

listserv.acor.org/archives/hairycell.html, hairy cell leukemia.

listserv.acor.org/archives/mpd-net.html, myeloid metaplasia.

listserv@maelstrom.stjohns.edu, for children of cancer patients, subscribe caring kids (your name).

lymphnet.org, 800-541-3259.

lymphoma.ca

lymphoma.org, 800-235 6848

mdacc.tmc.edu/~andnet, 800-345-6324, talk to other patients for support.

meds.com/mol/leukemia

myeloma.org, 800-452-cure

myeloma.med.cornell.edu

multiplemyeloma.org

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nccam.nih.gov, alternative treatments.

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/leukemia1

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/myeloma

ons.org, oncology nursing society.pages.prodigy.com/mdleukemia

rarediseases.org

rwneill.com/publishing, leukemia.

unb.ca/subjects/health/mmee.html, multiple myeloma.

upmc.edu/healthmed/services/cancer/genetics

Leukemia Websites 2

verywell.com/

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-4014692

verywell.com/living-with-leukemia-4013558

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-basics-4013395

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-symptoms-diagnosis-4013500

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-treatment-4014267

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-issues-during-treatment-4013072

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-side-effect-management-4013082

verywell.com/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-4013557

verywell.com/risk-factors-for-lymphoma-4013348

verywell.com/hodgkins-lymphoma-4013744

verywell.com/what-is-leukemia-4013865

verywell.com/living-with-lymphoma-4013603

verywell.com/what-is-myeloma-4014466

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-clinical-trials-4013918

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-children-4014392

verywell.com/lymphoma-and-leukemia-glossary-4014393

verywell.com/top-blood-cancer-charities-4144567#

lls.org/

verywell.com/what-is-leukemia-the-basics-2252585

verywell.com/the-leukemia-and-lymphoma-societys-goal-2252283

teamintraining.org/

stjude.org/

charitynavigator.org

stjude.org/get-involved/at-school/trike.html

allbloodcancers.org/about-lrf

lymphoma.org

verywell.com/what-is-lymphoma-2252583

verywell.com/multiple-myeloma-2860823

themmrf.org/

cancer.org/

relay.acsevents.org

bethematch.org/

verywell.com/what-is-a-bone-marrow-transplant-2860886

verywell.com/nccn-guidelines-for-blood-cancer-patients-3981047

nccn.org/patients/guidelines/cancers.aspx

verywell.com/types-of-non-hodgkin-lymphoma-2252375

lymphomaresources.com/

verywell.com/cancer-ribbons-colors-meanings-2249253

verywell.com/how-various-blood-cancers-can-affect-sex-life-2252313

verywell.com/hospice-care-for-people-with-blood-cancer-4140832

verywell.com/blood-cancer-and-anemia-2252418

Leukemia Organizations

Children's Leukemia Researc h Assn.

585 Steward Ave.

#536

Garden City, Ny 11530

516-222-1944

Fax: 516-222-0457

childrensleukemia.org

International Myeloma Foundation

2120 Stanley Hills Dr.

La, Ca 90046

800-452-Cure

213-654-3023

theimf@aol.com

myeloma.org

Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of America

600 3rd Ave.

Nyc 10016

800-955-4lsa

800-284-4271

212-573-8484

Fax: 212-856-9686

infocenter@leukemia-lymphoma.org

leukemia-lymphoma.org

lls.org

Counselling, support and referrals.

Lymphoma Research Foundation

8800 Enice Blvd.

#207

La, Ca 90034

310-204-7040

lrfa@aol.com

lymphoma.org

National Leukemia Assn.

585 Stewart Ave.

#536

Garden City, Ny 11530

516-222-1944

Referral, information and financial assistance.

National Lymphedema Network

2211 Post St.

#404

Sf, Ca 94115

800-541-3259

nln@lymphnet.org

lymphnet.org

Hematological/ Blood and Related Cancers Websites

cancer.net/cancer-types/leukemia-eosinophilic, Leukemia; Eosinophilic.

myeloma.org.uk/intro-to-myeloma/related-conditions/al-amyloidosis, AL amyloidosis.

myeloma.org.uk/intro-to-myeloma/related-conditions/mgus, MUGS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance).

myeloma.org.uk/intro-to-myeloma/related-conditions/plasmacytoma, Plasmacytoma.

Multiple Myeloma/ Myelomatosis/ Myeloma Websites

Multiple myeloma, aka myelomatosis or myeloma is abnormal growth in the plasma cells in bone-marrow and blood.

This suppresses the normal production of blood cells which weakens

the immune system.

The plasma cells gather in the bone to make plasmacytomas which are small tumors.

Myeloma cells dissolve, weaken and even break bones.

cancer-genetics.org/X1301.htm, Molecular Biology of Multiple

Myeloma.

myeloma.org, International Myeloma Foundation.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/myeloma/Patient, Plasma Cell Neoplasms, Including Multiple Myeloma, Treatment.

cancer.net/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma, Multiple Myeloma.

nhs.uk/conditions/Multiple-myeloma/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Multiple Myeloma.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/myeloma, Myeloma.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Myeloma/Myeloma.aspx, Myeloma.

youtube.com, myeloma.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=AMYLOID,

AMYLOID@LISTSERV.ACOR.ORG.

cancer.org/cancer/multiplemyeloma/detailedguide/multiple-myeloma-treating-bisphosphonates, Bisphosphonates for multiple myeloma.

myelomatose.dk, Dansk Myelomatose Forening.

Danish Multiple Myeloma Association.

leukaemialymphomaresearch.org.uk/information/myeloma/multiple-myeloma, Multiple myeloma.

themmrf.org, Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation.

leukaemiacare.org.uk/myeloma, Myeloma.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/myeloma,

Myeloma statistics.

myeloma.org.uk, Myeloma UK.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/myeloma, What You Need To Know About Multiple Myeloma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Multiple Myeloma.

myeloma.org, International Myeloma Foundation.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/myeloma/healthprofessional, Plasma Cell Neoplasms, Including Multiple Myeloma, Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/Myeloma.htm, Myeloma.

hemonc101.com

path.upmc.edu/cases/case193.html, Case study: 68 year-old female with multiple myeloma of the IgD isotype.

Norway

oncolex.org/en/Multiple-Myeloma, Multiple Myeloma.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/myeloma, Myeloma.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/myeloma,

Myeloma statistics.

listserv.acor.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ACOR.EXE?A0=MYELOMA-DR, MYELOMA-DR.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Myeloma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, PubMed at the National Library of

Medicine, US, PubMed.

Chapter 5. Lung Cancer Guide

Lung Cancer Info/ Emphysema Info

Lung cancer is th e growth of toxic, suffocating cells in the lungs which form into a tumor.

Lung cancer is a common type of cancer.

The lungs bring oxygen into the body and excrete waste carbon dioxide.

Smoking is a carcinogen.

The main categories of lung cancer are:

Adenocarcinoma.

Large cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma.

Small cell carcinoma.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC

The first three are very similar and are often grouped together as non-small cell lunger cancer as opposed to the fourth category, small cell carcinoma.

Lung cancer is generally caused by carcinogens in cigarette smoke and other pollutants in the air that we breathe in like lead, asbestos, radon, etc.

Often the patient will feel tired and short of breath, go to the doctor who'll do a chest x-ray, see a mass there (tumor of toxic cells), do a biopsy on it then test it for cancerous content.

Emphysema affects the air sacs (alveoli) rather than the airways. Emphysema usually develops after many years of smoking. As more and more alveoli and bronchioles collapse and the lungs lose their elasticity, breathing becomes labored, causing shortness of breath.

The damage to lung tissue is permanent. Your doctor may prescribe bronchodilators to help open your airways. People get pulmonary rehabilitation or oxygen treatment. Some people get lung transplants.

Substances such as radon, asbestos, arsenic, uranium and certain petroleum products can cause lung cancer.

The tumor can be benign, which means that it will not spread to other parts of the body. If the tumor is malignant, it may spread to other parts of the body.

Symptoms of lung cancer are:

persistent cough

chest pain

pneumonia

unexplained weight loss

infections

shortness of breath

wheezing

coughing up blood

persistent fever

If something resembling a tumor is seen on an X ray or a scan, your doctor may perform a bronchoscopy and a biopsy which is the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination under a microscope.

Treatment options include surgical removal of the lung tumor, use of anticancer drugs (chemotherapy), radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy or a combination of these treatments.

The specialists who treat lung cancer are:

Thoracic surgeon.

Oncologist.

Pulmonologist.

The treatments are the usual ones for most cancers; chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. There are experimental treatments being conducted through clinical trials and alternative treatments.

Books about lung cancer are at #616.994 or RC280 at the library.

Lung Cancer Websites 1

emphysemafoundation.org

lungcancercoalition.org, Global Lung Cancer Coalition.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/lung-cancer, Lung Cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/lung-cancer, Lung Cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Lung/Lungcancer.aspx, Lung Cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/cancer-of-the-lung/Pages/Introduction.aspx, Lung Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/lung/Patient, Lung Cancer Screening.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/lung, What You Need To Know About Lung Cancer.

lung.org, American Lung Association.

thoracic.org, American Thoracic Society.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/lung-cancer/treatment/biologi cal-therapy-for-lung-cancer, Biological therapy for lung cancer.

lungcancercanada.ca, Lung Cancer Canada.

aicr.org.uk/LungCancerFAQs.stm, Lung Cancer FAQs.

lcfamerica.org, Lung Cancer Foundation of America.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/lung, Lung cancer statistics.

oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=9&s=76&ss=781&id=8037, Lung Cancer: The Guide.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=LUNG-ONC, LUNG-ONC@LISTSERV.ACOR.ORG.

nationallungcancerpartnership.org, National Lung Cancer Partnership.

roycastle.org, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation.

youtube.com

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Lung Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/small-cell-lung/healthprofessi onal, Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/lung/HealthProfessional, Lung Cancer Screening.

patient.info/doctor/Lung-Malignancy.htm, Lung Malignancy.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/lung-cancer, Lung Cancer.

iaslc.org, Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.

altg.com.au, Australasian Lung Cancer Trials Group.

rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/improving-lung-cancer-outcomes-project-il cop, Improving Lung Cancer Outcomes Project; ILCOP.

itonf.com, International Thoracic Oncology Nursing Forum.

oncolex.org/en/Lung-cancer, Lung Cancer.

Oncolex; Oslo University Hospital, Norway and MD Andersen, USA).

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/lung, Lung cancer statistics.

path.jhu.edu/nfltr.html, National Familial Lung Cancer Registry.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Lung and Bronchus.

tlcr.org, Translational lung cancer research.

Turkey

takd.org.tr

turkishlungcancer.org, Turkish Lung Cancer Society.

logik.jp, Japanese Language Pages.

haigan.gr.jp.

haigan.gr.jp/modules/english, Japan Lung Cancer Society.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, PubMed at the National Library of Medicine, US, PubMed.

lungcancer.org

lcfamerica.or g, lung cancer

lungcancerresearchfoundation.org ezinearticles.com/?lung-cancer-treatment-options en.wikipedia.org/wiki/the_bonnie_j._addario_a_breath_away_from_the_cure_foundation

oxy-sure.com, 24 hour security for oxygen user, relieves pressure points.

alcase.org, info@alcase.org, 800-298-2436, local support groups, lung cancer.

asco.org, society of clinical oncology.

ash.org, action on smoking and health.

cancer.ca

dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1226830/new-lung-cancer-wonder-drug-offers-cure-hope-deadliest-form-disease.html, new lung cancer wonder drug

cancer.ca/tobacco

cancernet./clinpdq/soa.html, lung cancer.

cancer.gov, 800-422-6237, enter "lung cancer."

cancer.org, 800-acs-2345

cancernet.

columbia.net/phys/emph.html, emphysema.

emphysemafoundation.org

epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidest.html, air quality.

epa.gov/iaq/radon, 800-sos-radon, radon.

erinet.com/fnadoc/lung.htm

ielcap.org, 877-9ctlung, testing.

hcsc.gc.ca/hpb/lcdc/bc/updates/lung_e.html

lung.ca

lungcancer.org

lungcancerhope.com

lungcanceronline.org

lungcanceronline.org/lcp.htm, list of leading lung cancer centers.

lungcanceronline.org/clinical.htm, info about clinical trials.

lungusa.org, 800-lungusa.

mayoclinic.com

medscape.com, enter "lung cancer resource center."

meds.com/mol/leukemia/lunginfo.html

meds.com/mol/u_lung.html

mesolung.com

nccn.org/patient_gls/_english/_lung/index.htm

nosmoke.org

nyelcap.org, 866-nyelcap, lung testing.

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/lung1

path.jhu.edu/nflter.html, lung cancer registry doing tests on the genetic bases of lung cancer in families.

surgeongeneral.gov/tobacco

winstonman.com

Alliance for Lung Cancer Advocacy,

Support and Education

1601 Lincoln Ae.

Vancouer, Wa 98660

800-298-2436

360-696-2436

Fax: 360-735-1305

info@alcase.org

alcase.org

cancercare.org

800-813-hope

Talk line.

Emphysema Anonymous

726 N. Highland Ave.

Clearwater, Fl 34615-5463

813-391-9977

They provide general information and referrals to a local chapter near you. Furthermore, they have breathing equipment which they lend out to sufferers.

Lung Cancer Websites 2

verywell.com/lung-cancer-4014694

verywell.com/living-with-lung-cancer-4013437

verywell.com/lynne-eldridge-md-lung-cancer-expert-2248383

verywell.com/about-us#ReviewBoard

verywell.com/lung-cancer-basics-4014555

verywell.com/lung-cancer-symptoms-4014389

verywell.com/lung-cancer-treatment-4014264

verywell.com/lung-cancer-causes-4014556

verywell.com/lung-cancer-newly-diagnosed-4013917

verywell.com/lung-cancer-stages-4013130

verywell.com/lung-cancer-end-of-life-issues-4013742

verywell.com/lung-cancer-smoking-4013436

verywell.com/lung-cancer-biology-4014465

verywell.com/lung-cancer-lung-nodules-and-masses-4013438

verywell.com/lung-cancer-frequently-asked-questions-4013300

verywell.com/lung-cancer-glossary-4014390

verywell.com/leading-lung-cancer-charities-and-organizations-4147410

verywell.com/lung-cancer-in-non-smokers-2249398

lungevity.org/

lungevity.org/events/hope-summit-events

lungcanceralliance.org/

lung.org/

lung.org/our-initiatives/lung-force/

verywell.com/symptoms-of-lung-cancer-in-women-2249393

lungcancerfoundation.org/

verywell.com/lung-cancer-in-young-adults-2248879

verywell.com/genetic-testing-for-people-with-lung-cancer-2248945

upstagelungcancer.org/

verywell.com/all-about-advanced-lung-cancer-3956363

verywell.com/arguments-in-support-of-lung-cancer-ct-screening-2248886

verywell.com/definition-of-pack-years-of-smoking-2249140

verywell.com/lung-cancer-risk-factors-smoking-and-much-more-2249267

verywell.com/copd-and-lung-cancer-risk-recognition-and-treatment-4120828

verywell.com/asbestos-dangers-2248954

iaslc.org/

lcfamerica.org/about/

cancercare.org/

cancercare.org/connect_workshops#!past_workshops

verywell.com/lung-cancer-support-groups-2249225

cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq

verywell.com/how-to-become-a-lung-cancer-advocate-4111651

verywell.com/the-stigma-of-lung-cancer-2249236

verywell.com/what-is-lung-cancer-p2-2249405

verywell.com/the-lung-cancer-ribbon-2249255

verywell.com/how-to-reduce-lung-cancer-deaths-4126113

verywell.com/what-is-the-average-age-for-lung-cancer-2249260

verywell.com/non-smokers-vs-smokers-lung-cancer-3999297

verywell.com/the-truth-about-lung-cancer-2249254

verywell.com/collection-of-lung-cancer-stories-2248888

verywell.com/knee-pain-may-be-first-sign-of-lung-cancer-3971868

verywell.com/stage-1-lung-cancer-life-expectancy-2249418

verywell.com/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-2249281

verywell.com/top-lung-cancer-myths-2249422

verywell.com/lung-cancer-in-men-2249258

verywell.com/insensitive-comments-during-lung-cancer-treatment-2249234

verywell.com/working-during-lung-cancer-treatment-4120857

Lung Cancer Websites 3

biomild.org, Progetto bioMILD, Progetto Biomild diagnosi precoce tumore al polmone con analisi del sangue

cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/lung, National Cancer Institute: Lung Cancer, General information on many aspects of the disease from the U.S.

cancerindex.org/clinks2l.htm, Lung Cancer Resources Directory, Information and links about causes and prevention, molecular biology and specialist organizations.

cdc.gov/cancer/lung, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Offers a list of frequently asked questions of the disease, basic information and statistics.

crh.org/service-centers/lung-institute, Columbus Regional Hospital - Lung Institute, The Lung Institute at Columbus Regional Hospital is the first Indiana hospital to use the inReach superDimension/Bronchus system along with Cellvizio technology for the diagnosis and treatment of lung disease.

dovepress.com/lung-cancer-targets--therapy-journal, Lung Cancer: Targets and Therapy, Journal focusing on lung cancer research, identification of therapeutic targets and the optimal use of preventative and integrated treatment interventions to achieve improved outcomes.

dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/lung-cancer, Duke Medicine, Offers a description of the disease as well as diagnostic tests, treatments, and research available at Duke University.

dukehealth.org%2Ftreatments%2Fcancer%2Flung-cancer"

gflcco.com, Gflcco(Giardina Family Lung Cancer Cure Org, Web site loaded with info and insite related to lung cancer provided by a current survivor.

healthtalk.org/peoples-experiences/cancer/lung-cancer/topics, Health Talk, Provides information about lung cancer through videos of people sharing their personal stories dealing with the disease.

lungcancer.org, Faces of Lung Cancer, To build public awareness of lung cancer, four national cancer organizations are uniting to launch a nationwide lung cancer awareness campaign.

lungcanceralliance.org/get-information/the-basics-about-lung-cancer.html, Lung Cancer Alliance, A directory of lung cancer information and resources for patients and their families.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Lung/Lungcancer.aspx, Lung Cancer Information Centre, Overview of disease, different types of lung cancer, diagnosis, treatment options, clinical trials, resources, and support.

mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/definition/con-20025531, Mayo Clinic: Lung Cancer, Includes a description of this disease, its symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and coping strategies.

mdanderson.org/cancer-types/lung-cancer.html

medicalnewstoday.com/rss/lung_cancer.xml, Lung Cancer News From Medical News Today, Press releases and news stories, in feed format.

medicinenet.com/lung_cancer/article.htm, MedicineNet: Lung Cancer, Gives information in a fact-sheet format covering several areas of interest regarding diagnosis and treatment.

medicineworld.org/cancer/lung/index.html, Medicine World: Lung Cancer, Presents information on the disease including links, news, types, symptoms and prognosis.

mountsinai.org/lung-cancer/lung-screening-program, Lung Cancer Screening at Mount Sinai, Provides unparalleled depth and breadth of research and clinical expertise to diagnose and treat lung diseases.

mskcc.org/mskcc/html/376.cfm, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Information on lung cancer risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, clinical trials, and support for patients and survivors.

nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-lung, NHS Choices: Lung Cancer,

paginas.fe.up.pt/~ee98171/apsi, Lung Nodule Detection Using Template-Matching Technique, Description of a simple technique for computer-aided diagnosis of lung nodules in chest radiographic images.

respacare.net, Respacare, Our physicians are board certified in Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine to provide premier care and treatment for breathing and chest disorders such as emphysema and bronchitis, and for sleep related issues.

rjgeib.com/biography/places/mgeib/mom-grave.html, In Memoriam: Maggie Geib, Are you or a loved one suffering from terminal cancer? This page contains some pertinent poems and commentary about what it means to be sick and to die well.

tobacco.org/articles/category/lung_cancer, Tobacco.org: Lung Cancer, Updated collection of news articles about tobacco use, lung cancer, research, and treatment.

uabmedicine.org/patient-care/conditions/lung-cancer, UAB Medicine, Contains a database of lung cancer specialists.

webmd.com/lung-cancer/default.htm, WebMD: Lung Cancer Center, Includes information about the disease, recent news, its symptoms, causes, risk factors, and complications.

willroberts.com/lungcancer/index.html, Lung Cancer Dissertation, A scholarly work by Will Roberts, Medical Student at Leicester University, UK.

Lung Cancer Organizations

brittanysbattle.org, Brittany's Battle, Providing information and support for families, caregivers, and friends, to raise awareness childhood cancer and to provide research grants.

downgoescancer.org, Down Goes Cancer - The Joe Mak Memorial Foundation, Down Goes Cancer - The Joe Mak Memorial Foundation is a non-profit, charitable organization that endeavors to honor the memory and spirit of Joseph Makovetz through efforts to raise awareness of lung cancer.

lcfamerica.org, Lung Cancer Foundation of America, Dedicated to providing the necessary and critical funding for creative and leading edge research programs.

lungcanceralliance.org, Providing patient support and advocacy, lobbying at the federal level for research funds, and maintains an on-line support forum.

lungcancercanada.ca, Lung Cancer Canada, Raising awareness, providing patient focused information and offering peer support.

lungcancercap.org, Caring Ambassadors Lung Cancer Program, Providing extensive information about lung cancer and ongoing local, state, and national health advocacy efforts.

lungcancerevents.com, Lung Cancer Events Walks Runs Fundraisers, Lung Cancer Events lists all walks, runs, fundraisers and other gatherings that support lung cancer awareness and research.

lungevity.org, Lungevity Foundation, All these organizations raise awareness and fund for research - there are no specialties - they all function pretty much the same way.

lungrun.org, Chicago Lung Run, The Chicago 5K Lung Run is one of the largest 5K running events in Chicago.

mewhiney.org, John and Amy Mewhiney Cancer Foundation, Established to raise money for research, specifically to develop methods for early detection, and to raise consciousness about this disease.

ramosfoundation.org

rexannasfoundation.org, Rexanna's Foundation, Supporting efforts dedicated to research, improving public awareness, and offering college scholarships to students who have been impacted.

roycastle.org, The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, Committed to medical research, reducing smoking and patient support.

tglfoundation.com

unitingagainstlungcancer.org, Uniting Against Lung Cancer, Supporting the search for a cure and identifying and advancing research, education and early detection initiatives.

Lung Cancer Support Groups

alcase.it, Italian Alliance for Lung Cancer Advocacy, Support ed Education, The Italian Chapter of ALCASE is a member of the Global Lung Cancer Coalition, which works for a better understanding of the needs of patients with lung cancer

cavsg.co.uk, Cheshire Asbestos Victims Support Group, Details about this volunteer organization, providing support to those with asbestos-related diseases and cancers.

healthboards.com/lung-and-respiratory, Lung and Respiratory Message Board, Unmonitored message board.

lungcancercoalition.org/list-of-members.html

lungcancercoalition.org/

twitter.com/#!/globalungcancer

facebook.com/pages/Global-Lung-Cancer-Coalition

flickr.com/photos/globallungcancercoalition/

Australia

lungfoundation.com.au, LungFoundation Australia.

Argentina
facebook.com/Fundacion-Pacientes-de-Cancer-de-Pulmon-214959835208743, Fundacion Pacientes de Cancer de Pulmon.

Brazil
oncoguia.org.br, Oncoguia Institute (Brazil)

facebook.com/oncoguia, Facebook

oncoguia.org.br
twitter.com/oncoguia, Twitter
instagram.com/oncoguia, Instagram
youtube.com/user/oncoguia, YouTube.

Bulgaria
oncobg.info, APOZ - Bulgarian Cancer Patient Organisation.

Canada
lung.ca/home-accueil_e.php, Canadian Lung Association.

Canada
canceradvocacy.ca, Cancer Advocacy Coalition of Canada.

Canada
lungcancercanada.ca, Lung Cancer Canada.

Denmark
lungekraeft.com, Danish Lung Cancer Association (Patientforeningen lungekraeft.dk)
facebook.com/groups/744795188999065/?ref=bookmarks, Facebook.

Egypt
facebook.com/CanSurvive, CanSurvive
twitter.com/cansurvive3, Twitter.

Europe
womenagainstlungcancer.eu, WALCE Onlus (Women Against Lung Cancer in Europe)
facebook.com/walceonlus, Facebook
twitter.com/walceonlus2006, Twitter
youtube.com/WalceOnlus2006, YouTube.

France
ligue-cancer.net, La Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer.

Germany
krebsgesellschaft.de, German Cancer Society (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e.V).

Ireland
cancer.ie, Irish Cancer Society

Israel
ilcf.org.il, Israel Lung Cancer Foundation
facebook.com/ilcfil, Facebook.

Italy
alcase.eu, Alliance for Lung Cancer Advocacy, Support and Education (ALCASE Italia)

facebook.com/alcase.italia, Facebook
mobile.twitter.com/alcaseitalia, Twitter
it.linkedin.com/in/alcase-italia-8a513932, Linkedin.

Italy
cittadinanzattiva.it, Tribunale per i Diritti del Malato - Cittadinanzattiva.

Japan
cancernet.jp, Cancer Net Japan.

Japan
wjog.jp/index.html, West Japan Oncology Group.

Mexico
respirandoconvalor.org, Respirando Con Valor.

Norway
lungekreftforeningen.no, Lungekreftforeningen

facebook.com/lungekreftforeningen, Facebook.

Peru
esperantra.org, Esperantra.

Portugal
pulmonale.pt, Pulmonale.

Russia
lungcancercoalition.org/our-members/list-of-members/equal-right-to-life-movement-against-cancer.html, Equal Right to Life/ Movement Against Cancer.

Slovenia
na-vdih.si, NA VDIH (INSPIRE) Slovenia.

Spain
aeacap.org/web, Asociación Espanola De Afectados De cancer De Pulmón

facebook.com/afectadoscancerdepulmon/?fref=ts, Facebook

twitter.com/aeacap?lang=en, Twitter

instagram.com/aeacap, Instagram.

Spain
aecc.es/Paginas/PaginaPrincipal.aspx, La Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer.

Sweden
stodet.se, Sweden Lung Cancer Support.

Switzerland
forum-lungenkrebs.ch, Forum Lungenkrebs.

The Netherlands
longkankernederland.nl, Longkankernederland

facebook.com/longkankernederland, Facebook
twitter.com/LongkankerNL, Twitter

youtube.com/channel/UC1u0ofCiqYq6QVH2vNypr8A, YouTube

linkedin.com/company-beta/10612676, Linkedin.

Turkey
pembehanim.com, Pembe Hanim.

UK
lunguk.org, British Lung Foundation

facebook.com/britishlungfoundation, Facebook

twitter.com/lunguk, Twitter

nlcfn.org.uk, National Lung Cancer Forum for Nurses.

roycastle.org, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation.

USA
cancercare.org, Cancer

freetobreathe.org, Free to Breathe

facebook.com/free2breathe, Facebook

twitter.com/freetobreathe

healthunlocked.com/freetobreathe, Health Unlocked.

lungcanceralliance.org, Lung Cancer Alliance

facebook.com/lungcanceralliance, Facebook

twitter.com/LCAorg, Twitter

instagram.com/lcaorg, Instagram.

preventcancer.org, Prevent Cancer Foundation

facebook.com/preventcancer, Facebook

youtube.com/user/PreventCancerFound, YouTube.

Respiratory Disorders, Asbestosis

aduk.org.uk, ADUK, A charity dedicated to helping those affected by asbestos diseases.

asbestosforum.org.uk, Asbestos Victims Support Groups Forum UK, AVSGF-UK represents asbestos victims support groups enabling them to discuss issues of common concern.

asbestosis.org.uk, Asbestosis.org.uk, Provides a guide to asbestos-related diseases and compensation in the UK.

imsdd.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancernet/600321.html, Questions and Answers About Asbestos Exposure, Information from the National Cancer Institute about asbestos exposure and diseases like asbestosis.

nhs.uk/conditions/Asbestosis, NHS Choices: Asbestosis, Factsheet including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

patient.info/doctor/asbestos-related-diseases-pro, Patient: Asbestos-related Diseases, Factsheet including epidemiology, management, the benign form of the disease, asbestosis, malignant diseases and compensation.

Lung Associations, Organizations, Websites

lungusa.org, American Lung Association (ALA).

lungnet.org.au, Australian Lung Foundation (ALF) Australia.

lunguk.org, British Lung Foundation (BLF) United Kingdom.

lung.ca, Canadian Lung Association (CLA).

iaslc.org, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC).

ilsa.cc, International Lung Sounds Association (ILSA).

lam.uc.edu, The LAM Foundation, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease

nhlbi.nih.gov, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI).

nlhep.org, National Lung Health Education Program (NLHEP).

pulmonaryfibrosisassn.com, Pulmonary Fibrosis Association (PFA).

pulmonaryfibrosis.org, Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation (PFF).

phassociation.org, Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA).

2ndwind.org, Second Wind Lung Transplant Association

Lung Associations by U.S. State

lungusa.org/alabama/index.html, American Lung Association of Alabama

aklung.org, American Lung Association of Alaska

lungusa.org/arizonanewmexico/index.html, American Lung Association of Arizona-New Mexico

lungusa.org/arkansas/index.html, American Lung Association of Arkansas

californialung.org, American Lung Association of California

alacolo.org, American Lung Association of Colorado

alact.org, American Lung Association of Connecticut

alade.org, American Lung Association of Delaware

lungusa.org/easternmissouri/index.html, American Lung Association of Eastern Missouri.

lungfla.org, American Lung Association of Florida

alaga.org, American Lung Association of Georgia

ala-hawaii.org, American Lung Association of Hawaii

lungs.org, American Lung Association of Idaho-Nevada

lungil.org, American Lung Association of Illinois-Iowa

lungin.org, American Lung Association of Indiana

kslung.org, American Lung Association of Kansas

kylung.org, American Lung Association of Kentucky

louisianalung.org, American Lung Association of Louisiana

mainelung.org, American Lung Association of Maine

marylandlung.org, American Lung Association of Maryland

lungusa.org/massachusetts/index.html, American Lung Association of Massachusetts

alam.org, American Lung Association of Michigan

alamn.org, American Lung Association of Minnesota

lungusa.org/mississippi/index.html, American Lung Association of Mississippi

lungnebraska.org, American Lung Association of Nebraska

nhlung.org, American Lung Association of New Hampshire

lungusa.org/newjersey/index.html, American Lung Association of New Jersey

alanys.org, American Lung Association of New York State

lungnc.org, American Lung Association of North Carolina

lungusa.org/northdakota/index.html, American Lung Association of North Dakota

ohiolung.org, American Lung Association of Ohio

oklung.org, American Lung Association of Oklahoma (ALAO).

lungoregon.org, American Lung Association of Oregon

alapa.org, American Lung Association of Pennsylvania

pulmon.org, American Lung Association of Puerto Rico

lungusa.org/rhodeisland/index.html, American Lung Association of Rhode Island

lungsc.org, American Lung Association of South Carolina

lungusa.org/southdakota/index.html, American Lung Association of South Dakota

alatn.org, American Lung Association of Tennessee

texaslung.org, American Lung Association of Texas

lungusa.org/northernrockies/index.html, American Lung Association of the Northern Rockies (Montana and Wyoming).

lungusa.org/virginia/special.html, American Lung Association of Virginia

alaw.org, American Lung Association of Washington (ALAW).

lungusa.org/westernmissouri/index.html, American Lung Association of Western Missouri.

alawv.org, American Lung Association of West Virginia.

lcltfb.org, Louisiana Cancer and Lung Trust Fund Board (LCLTFB).

Lungs Canada

lung.ca

ab.lung.ca, Alberta Lung Association Canada.

bc.lung.ca, British Columbia Lung Association Canada.

pq.lung.ca, L'association pulmonaire du Qu ec Canada.

sk.lung.ca, Lung Association of Saskatchewan Canada.

mb.lung.ca, Manitoba Lung Association Canada.

nb.lung.ca, New Brunswick Lung Association Canada.

nf.lung.ca, Newfoundland and Labrador Lung Association Canada.

on.lung.ca, Ontario Lung Association Canada.

pei.lung.ca, Prince Edward Island Lung AssociationCanada.

Chapter 6. Mesothelioma Cancer Info

Mesothelioma Cancer Info/ Asbestos Danger

Mesothel ioma is a cancer of the chest and abdominal linings. There's a link with asbestos.

Malignant mesothelioma is a cancer where toxic cells gather in the pleura, the sac lining the chest or peritoneum, the abdomen.

Most people who develop mesothelioma have been exposed to

asbestos dust.

Mesothelioma Websites 1

mesotheliomaprognosis.com, MESOTHELIOMA PROGNOSIS NETWORK.

MesotheliomaGuide.com, Mesothelioma Guide.

mesotheliomahelp.org, Mesothelioma Help.

mesothelioma.net, mesothelioma.net.

mesothelioma.com, mesothelioma.com.

cancer-genetics.org/X2203.htm, Mesothelioma Molecular Biology.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/malignantmesothelioma/patient, Malignant Mesothelioma Treatment.

youtube.com, diseases caused by asbestos

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/mesothelioma, Mesothelioma;

cancer.net/cancer-types/mesothelioma, Mesothelioma.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Mesothelioma/Mesothelioma.aspx, Mesothelioma.

mesothelioma-australia.com, Australian Mesothelioma Registry.

cancer.org/cancer/malignantmesothelioma/index, Malignant

Mesothelioma.

nhs.uk/conditions/mesothelioma/Pages/Definition.aspx,

Mesothelioma.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=MESOTHELIOMA,

MESOTHELIOMA, Cancer, Support and Information.

maacenter.org, Mesothelioma and Asbestos Awareness Center.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/Mesothelioma,

Mesothelioma statistics.

mesothelioma.uk.com, Mesothelioma UK Charitable Trust.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Mesothelioma.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/malignantmesothelioma/HealthProfessional, Malignant Mesothelioma Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/Malignant-Mesothelioma.htm, Malignant

Mesothelioma.

cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search/results?protocolsearchid=7660167, Clinical Trials; Mesothelioma.

imig.org, International Mesothelioma Interest Group.

itonf.com, International Thoracic Oncology Nursing Forum.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/Mesothelioma,

Mesothelioma statistics.

mesothelioma.com/

mesothelioma.com/cancer_centers/hamon_center_for_therapeutic_oncology_research.htm, hamon center for therapeutic oncology research

asbestos.com/mesothelioma/gene-therapy.php, mesothelioma gene therapy

Mesothelioma Websites 2

mesowatch.com

Baron and Bud

mesothelioma lawyers

baronandbudd.com

Mesothelioma Lawyer Center organization

mesotheliomalawyercenter.org

The Mesothelioma Justice Network

treatmesothelioma.org

Mesothelioma Cancer Alliance

mesothelioma.com

mesotheliomahelp.org

mesothelioma.net

The Mesothelioma Veterans Center

mesotheliomaveterans.org

Sokolove Law

U.S. mesothelioma victims

(855) 237-5575

sokolovelaw.com

only-meso.com

mesotheliomasymptoms.com simmonscooper.com/blog/mesothelioma/2008/08/mesothelioma-treatment-caregiver-tips.html

mesotheliomaweb.org

maacenter.org, mesothelioma; new treatment

mesotheliomahelp.net

mesothel.com

mesotheliomamedicine.com

asbestos.com/mesothelioma/malignant,

malignant mesothelioma.

mesotheliomasos.com

asbestos.com, mesothelioma cancer center

legalmesotheliomahelp.com mesothelioma.yoll.net/mesothelioma_attorney mesotheliomamedicine.com mesotheliomahelp.net

mesothelioma-source.org

mesotheliomawatch.org

mesothelioma-lawyers.info

asbestosnews.com, asbestos news

asbestos.com, the mesothelioma cancer center

asbestos-mesothelioma-guide.com

mesotheliomaweb.org

asbestosnews.com

mesotheliomaresourceonline.com

vitamins-nutrition.org

mesothelioma-navy.com, asbestos cancer and mesothelioma lawyers in texas

resource4mesothelioma.com

lsasbestoslaw.com, mesothelioma medical articles mesothelioma attorneys.

mesotheli.com/articles.htm

maacenter.org

mesothelioma-aid.totalh.com

mesotheliomaexperts.info

mesothelioma-cancers.org

cancerbye.com

thinehost.com/mesothelioma

mesothelioma-info-site.com

mesothelioma-expert.com

mesothelioma-content.com

lylanow.com/articles/mesothelioma-cancer.html

mesothelioma-information-and-hope.com

swmconline.com, southwestern medical center.

spyderweb.info/cancer

cancertreatmentbooks.com

lovepao.com/mesothelioma-treatment

factiod.com/meso/choosing-a-mesothelioma-attorney.htm overcancer.com/mesothelioma

ilmu-kedokteran.blogspot.com, mesothelioma cancer and acne.

asbestos-mesothelioma-directory.com youfoundthat.com/mesothelioma

mesothelioma-lawsuits-asbestos.com

mesothelioma-aid.org

doyouhavemesothelioma.com resource4mesothelioma.com/topics/mesotheliomasurvivorstories.html, 800-518-5103.

mesolink.org

mesolink.org/mesothelioma-hope/survivor-1.html

mesotheliomaattorney.com

mesothelioma-blog.org

mesothelioma-cancers.org

Mesothelioma Websites 3

A tumor affecting the lining of the lungs and chest cavity.

dealingwithmesothelioma.com

mesothelioma-lung-cancer.org/mesothelioma-patients.html

mesotheliomacenter.org/about/mesotheliomasymptoms.php, mesothelioma symptoms.

mesothelioma-cancer-news.com/index.php

mesothel.com/pages/margie_pag.htm, margie's story.

mfpages.com

mesotheliomafaqs.com/shark_cartilage.cfm

mesotheliomaweb.org/palliativecare.htm

blf.org.uk/Page/MKMRF-Mick-Knighton-Mesothelioma-Research-Fund, Mick Knighton Mesothelioma Research Fund, Raising funds for disease research.

brighamandwomens.org/Departments_and_Services/surgery/thoracic-surgery/mesothelioma/default.aspx, International Mesothelioma Program (IMP), Provides information on mesothelioma types, diagnosis, and treatment options.

cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma, NCI: Malignant Mesothelioma, Array of information resources for lay and professional viewers.

cancer.net/cancer-types/mesothelioma, ASCO: Mesothelioma Guide, Help guide providing the latest research, resources, and treatment options for mesothelioma cancer.

cancer.org/cancer/malignantmesothelioma/index, ACS: Malignant Mesothelioma, Detailed guide features information, references, and resources about the disease.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/mesothelioma, Cancer Research UK: Mesothelioma, Provides information on this cancer, the symptoms and causes, tests and treatment, living with mesothelioma and current research.

curemeso.org, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Nonprofit organization that collaborates with patients, families, physicians, advocates and researchers dedicated to eradicating mesothelioma.

junehancockfund.org, June Hancock Mesothelioma Research Fund, Features news, fundraising and research activity, history of the disease, donations, advice, and support information.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=MESOTHELIOMA, ACOR: Mesothelioma Support and Information, Email support group for the disease.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Mesothelioma/Mesothelioma.aspx, Macmillan Cancer Support: Mesothelioma, Description of the disease, causes and diagnosis, treatment options, clinical trials, and additional resources.

mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mesothelioma/basics/definition/con-20026157, Mayo Clinic: Mesothelioma, Includes a description of mesothelioma and provides information about symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, treatments and drugs.

medlineplus.gov/mesothelioma.html, MedlinePlus: Mesothelioma, Provides the definition, symptoms, risk factors, complications, and treatment options.

mesothelioma.uk.com, Mesothelioma UK, Information and resource for patients with mesothelioma and their caregivers.

mesotheliomagroup.com, Mesothelioma Group, Resources and information on the latest treatments for mesothelioma, an in-depth guide for patients, family members and friends.

nhs.uk/conditions/mesothelioma, NHS Choices: Mesothelioma, Provides information on this cancer of the mesothelial cells, its causes and outlook.

Mesothelioma Websites 4

bestcancersites.com/lung

bestcancersites.com/mesothelioma

bestcancersites.com/mesothelioma/#Words

cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/malignantmesothelioma

cancerbackup.org.uk

cancerbackup.org.uk/Cancertype/Mesothelioma

mesothelioma.uk.com

marf.org

asbestosdiseaseawareness.org

fibreaware.org.nz

listserv.acor.org/archives/mesothelioma.html

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mesothelioma.html

adfa.org.au

adfa.org.au/supportgroup.html

asbestosdiseases.org.au

adsvic.org.au

gards.org

avasa.asn.au

facebook.com/pages/Asbestos-Victims-Assoc-SA/192966960760791?sk=wall

adssa-inc.com.au

asbestos-disease.com.au

betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Mesothelioma?OpenDocument

cancer.org/cancer/malignantmesothelioma/index, Malignant Mesothelioma, (American Cancer Society).

cancer.gov/types/mesothelioma, Malignant Mesothelioma from the US National Cancer Institute, Malignant Mesothelioma, (US National Cancer Institute).

cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/mesothelioma/overview/?region=bc, Mesothelioma, (Canadian Cancer Society).

cancer.net/patient/Cancer+Types/Mesothelioma, Mesothelioma, (Cancer.Net).

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mesothelioma.html, Mesothelioma, (MedlinePlus).

curemeso.org, Mesothelioma Applled Research Foundation, Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation.

mesolung.org, Mesothelioma Essentials.

nccn.org/patients/guidelines/mpm/index.html, NCCN Guidelines for Patients; Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma, (US National Comprehensive Cancer Network).

Chapter 7. Gastrointestinal System Cancers

Gastroi ntestinal System and Digestive Cancers Websites/ GI

Cancer Websites

gastro.org, American Gastroenterological Association.

worldgicancer.com, ESMO World Congress on Gastrointestinal

Cancer.

frontiersin.org/gastrointestinal_cancers, Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

gi.jco.org, Gastrointestinal Cancers Portal.

American Society of Clinical Oncology.

gicasym.org, Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium.

springer.com/medicine/oncology/journal/12029, Journal of

Gastrointestinal Cancer.

thejgo.org, Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.

octo-oxford.org.uk, Oncology Clinical Trials Office; University of Oxford.

amepc.org/tgc, Translational Gastrointestinal Cancer.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, Go to: PubMed at the National Library of Medicine

Bladder Cancer Info

The bladder is a hollow organ in your lower abdomen/ pelvis that stores urine produced by the kidneys.

Bladder cancer occurs in the lining of the bladder. Abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder.

Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer. Transitional cell carcinoma that remains confined to the surface of the bladder lining is called superficial bladder cancer. It is easy to treat but it tends to recur. If the cancer spreads beyond the bladder lining and invades the muscular wall of the bladder, it is called invasive bladder cancer. It can spread to nearby organs and the surrounding lymph nodes.

Symptoms of bladder cancer are the same as those for a bladder infection or other urinary tract disorder. The most common symptoms are:

an urge to urinate with little urine output

blood in the urine

frequent urination without an increase in fluid intake

painful urination

Superficial bladder cancer can be treated with transurethral resection, in which the tumor is surgically removed through a cystoscope.

With invasive bladder cancer, all or part of the bladder is removed using a surgical procedure called cystectomy. Surrounding organs could also be removed at this time.

Other treatments are radiation therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

When the bladder is removed, the doctor will use an isolated piece of the person's small intestine to create a new channel between the ureters and an opening in the wall of the abdomen called a stoma to allow the urine to pass. The urine can be stored in either an internal or extrnal pouch which the person removes as it gets close to filling up.

Smoking is thought to cause half of all cases of bladder cancer.

Bladder Cancer Websites

Bladder cancer happens when malignant cells overtake the bladder which is the organ that stores urine.

Symptoms can include:

blood in the urine

pain during urination

increased frequency of passing urine

feeling the need to urinate, nothing coming out.

Most bladder cancers are classed as transitional cell carcinomas that arise in the uroepithelium, lining of the bladder.

Other types are:

squamous cell carcinomas

adenocarcinomas.

cancer-genetics.org/X2103.htm, Molecular Biology of

Bladder Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/bladder, What You Need To Know

About Bladder Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/bladder-cancer, Bladder

Cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer, Bladder Cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Bladder/Bladdercancer.aspx, Bladder Cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-bladder/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Bladder Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/bladder, Bladder cancer statistics.

actiononbladdercancer.org, Action on Bladder Cancer.

youtube.com, bladder cancer.

bladdercancercanada.org, Bladder Cancer Canada.

blcwebcafe.org, Bladder Cancer Web Cafe.

oncolink.org

cancer.dk/blaereforeningen, Blareforeningen.

cancer.dk/blaereforeningen/english, Danish Bladder Society.

cancer.dk/blaereforeningen, Danish Language Pages

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bladder Cancer, Search PubMed

database for Bladder Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/bladder/HealthProfessional,

Bladder Cancer Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/bladder, Bladder cancer statistics.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/bladder-cancer, Bladder Cancer.

oncolex.org/en/Bladder-cancer, Bladder Cancer.

patient.info/health/bladder-cancer, Bladder Cancer.

cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search/results?protocolsearchid=9767813,

Clinical Trials; Bladder Cancer.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Bladder.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

2rui.com, riverside urology, california.

angelfire.com/ct3/survivorofcancer, bladder cancer survivor.

apjohncancerinstitute.org/cancer/bladder.htm

bcan.org

bcan.org/medical/order, free educational materials at bladder cancer advocacy network

bebto.com/bladder-cancer.html

bladder-cancer.da.cx

bladder-cancer-symptoms-inc.com

bladder-disorders.com

bladdercancercanada.org

blcwebcafe.org

britannica.com/eb/article-9126092/bladder-cancer

cancer.gov/cancer_information/cancer_type/bladder

cancer.org

cancerbackup.org.uk/cancertype/bladder

cancerbacup.org.uk/info/bladder.htm

cancerhelp.org.uk/help/default.asp?page=2680,

cancer-info.com/bladder.htm

cancernews.com/bladder.htm

chinamedline.org, bladder cancer cures: chinese ministry of health.

elekta.com/patient_international_bladder_cancer.php

emedicinehealth.com/bladder_cancer/article_em.htm

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bladder_cancer

geneticcancer.com

goldbamboo.com/topic-t1118.html, bladder cancer treatment and symptoms.

imperial cancer research fund.

mayoclinic.com/health/bladder-cancer

mdanderson.org/departments/urology

medicinenet.com/bladder_cancer/article.htm

nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bladdercancer.html

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/bladder

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/gallbladder

ricancercouncil.org/facts/bladfacts.htm, rhode island cancer council: bladder cancer.

scotthornermd.com, reading, pa.

sghhealth4u.com.sg/health4u/urology/

telescan.nk.nl/bladder2.html

telescan.nki.nl/bladder2.html

ultimate-cancer-breakthroughs.com

urologychannel.com/bladdercancer/index.shtml

urologyinstitute.com/html/bladder_cancer.html

urotoday.com/browse_categories/bladder_cancer

vicinium.com, new drug.

wustl.edu/internal.aspx?id=649, bladder cancer treatment information.

Appendix Cancers Websites

Cancer of the Appendix also known as appendiceal

cancer happens when cells in the appendix become cancerous.

There are different types of tumors and cancers in the appendix like:

carcinoid tumors which develop in endocrine cells that create hormones

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, these produce mucin (a jelly-like

substance).

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei/ PMP, the "jelly belly" syndrome, caused by mucinous adenoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma.

signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma

paraganglioma

Treatment varies according to type and stage of tumor.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastrointestinalcarcinoid/Patient, Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors Treatment.

cancer.net/cancer-types/appendix-cancer, Appendix Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-questions/pseudomyxoma-peritonei, Pseudomyxoma peritonei.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Pseudomyxomaperitonei/PMP.aspx, Pseudomyxoma peritonei.

apcan.org, Appendiceal Cancer Advocacy Network.

aboutcancer.com/appendix_cancer.htm, Appendix Cancer.

appendix-cancer.com, Appendix Cancer Connection.

pmpawareness.org, PMP Awareness Organization.

pmppals.org, PMP Pals' Network.

pmpcure.org, PMP Research Foundation.

pseudomyxomasurvivor.co.uk, Pseudomyxoma Survivor.

shootoutcancer.org/appendiceal-cancer, What is Appendiceal

Cancer?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Appendiceal cancer, Search PubMed database for Appendiceal cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastrointestinalcarcinoid/HealthProfessional, Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors Treatment.

surgicaloncology.com/attitle.htm, Atlas of Appendix Cancer and

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.

cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search/results?protocolsearchid=9493464,

Clinical Trials; Appendix carcinoma.

Cancer of the Esophagus Websites/ Esophageal Cancer Websites/ Oesophageal Cancer Websites

Cancer of the Esophagus is in the gastro-intestinal class of cancers.

The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

When you eat and swallow, food goes into the esophagus and into the stomach.

Esophageal cancer is a situation where malignant cells gather within the tissues of the esophagus.

The most common symptom is having a hard time swallowing.

There might be pain or discomfort behind the breast bone.

There are two types of esophageal cancer:

squamous cell carcinomas

adenocarcinomas

People with gastric reflux have an increased risk of esophageal

cancer.

cancer-genetics.org/X0703.htm, Molecular biology of

Esophageal Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/esophageal/Patient,

Esophageal Cancer Treatment.

cancer.net/cancer-types/esophageal-cancer, Esophageal Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/esophagus/page1, What You Need to Know About Cancer of the Esophagus.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=EC-GROUP,

EC-GROUP; Esophageal Cancers Discussion Group.

cancer.org/cancer/esophaguscancer/index, Esophagus Cancer.

hosg.org, Humberside Oesophageal Support Group.

nhs.uk/Services/hospitals/Services/Service/Default3.aspx?id=103 83, Northern Oesophago-Gastric (Upper Gastrointestinal) Unit.

Royal Victoria Infirmary.

oesophagoose.org, Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer Awareness

Campaign.

the Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, based at the Royal Victoria

Infirmary.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/oesophageal-cancer,

Oesophageal cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Oesophagusgullet/Oesophagealcancer.aspx, Oesophageal cancer also called cancer of the gullet.

youtube.com, gullet cancer

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/oesophagus,

Oesophageal cancer statistics.

opa.org.uk, Oesophageal Patients Association.

aicr.org.uk/OesphagealCancerFAQs.stm, Oesphageal Cancer FAQs

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Esophageal Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/esophageal/HealthProfessional, Esophageal Cancer Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/oesophageal-carcinoma, Oesophageal Carcinoma

Norway

oncolex.org/en/Esophageal-cancer, Cancer in the Esophagus.

startoncology.net, Esophageal Cancer.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/oesophageal-cancer, Oesophageal Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/oesophagus,

Oesophageal cancer statistics.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/esoph.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Esophagus.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Gallbladder Cancer Websites

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gallbladder/Patient,

Gallbladder Cancer Treatment.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Gallbladder/Gallbladdercancer.aspx, Gall Bladder Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/gallbladder-cancer,

Gallbladder Cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/gallbladder-cancer, Gallbladder Cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/Gallbladder-cancer/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Gallbladder Cancer.

youtube.com, gallbladder cancer

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Gallbladder Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gallbladder/HealthProfessional, Gallbladder Cancer Treatment.

Norway

oncolex.org/en/Bile-Duct-and-Gallbladder-Cancer, Bile

Duct/Gallbladder Cancer.

Pancreatic Cancer Info

The pancreas gland is an o rgan located at the upper abdomen near the backbone. It is instrumental in hormonal excretion, mainly to control blood sugar and make digestive enzymes.

The Islet cells produce insulin which control blood sugar. If you have pancreatic cancer, this is often disrupted leaving you with higher blood sugar levels than normal and because pancreatic cancer interferes with the production of digestive enzymes, you'll have problems with digestion.

Most pancreatic cancer occurs in the ducts that carry pancreatic juices into the first section of the small intestine.

Another type of pancreatic cancer begins in the islets of Langerhans cells that produce insulin.

Cancer of the pancreas is often not detected until the later stages when the cancer has already spread outside the pancreas.

Symptoms are:

a feeling of pain or pressure in the upper abdomen

nausea

loss of appetite

weight loss

weakness

If the tumor blocks the duct through which bile passes into the small intestine, the person develops jaundice which is a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. The urine probably becomes dark.

Having diabetes increases the chances of developing cancer of the pancreas.

There are several different types of pancreatic cancer, the two major classifications being either endocrine or exocrine.

The precursors for pancreatic cancer are smoking, diet high in fat, low in fiber, alcohol abuse and toxins in the environment. There is a genetic component. Approximately 30,000 people develop pancreatic cancer every year in the U.S. but the prognosis is very poor. At the present, most people won't survive it. The earlier the diagnosis, the better your chances.

A CT Scan can detect tumors on the pancreas and see whether they have spread to other nearby organs like the liver, lymph nodes and stomach. Ultrasound and MRIs can do the same thing.

If you develop jaundice, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram/ ERCP can detect irregularities in the bile ducts.

There is no specific blood test but a substance in the body Ca19-9 is consistent with pancreatic cancer.

Biopsies of the pancreas gland are also done. In a needle biopsy, the doctor inserts a long needle into the abdomen and then into the pancreas to obtain a tissue sample. A brush biopsy is performed along with an ERCP. The endoscope rubs off some cells with a brush attachment. A laparoscope can also be used to get a tissue sample.

Because there is no cure of pancreatic cancer in the later stages, treatment focuses on controlling the symptoms of the disease.

Oncologists use surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. They might remove a part or all of the pancreas

There are alternative treatments too.

It's a tough disease.

Books about pancreatic cancer are at #616.99437 or RC280 at the library.

Cancer of the Pancreas Websites

With pancreatic cancer, the cells of the pancreas become malignant.

The pancreas has two functions;

makes juices that help digest food

produces hormones, including insulin, that regulate the use and storage of food

Most pancreatic cancers happen in the part of the pancreas that makes digestive juices. They are called exocrine pancreatic cancers.

A few pancreatic cancers start in the hormone-producing part of the pancreas. They are called endocrine pancreatic cancer or islet cell cancer.

Most exocrine pancreatic cancers are classified as ductal adenocarcinomas.

Pancreatic cancers usually start at middle age.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/pancreatic/Patient/page1,

Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/pancreatic-cancer, Pancreatic Cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/pancreatic-cancer, Pancreatic Cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Pancreas/Pancreaticcancer.aspx, Pancreatic Cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-pancreas/Pages/Introduction.aspx, Pancreatic Cancer.

youtube.com, pancreatic cancer.

pancreaticcancer.org.uk, Pancreatic Cancer UK.

pancreatic.org, Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer

Research.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=PANCREAS-ONC,

PANCREAS-ONC: Pancreatic Cancer Support and Information

eCommunity.

pancan.org, Pancreatic Cancer Action Network.

pcrf.org.uk, Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/pancreas,

Pancreatic cancer statistics.

pancreatica.org, Pancreatica; Confronting Pancreatic Cancer.

Cancer Patients Alliance.

lustgarten.org, The Lustgarten Foundation.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/pancreas/page1, What You Need to Know About Cancer of the Pancreas.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pancreatic Cancer

patient.info/doctor/pancreatic-exocrine-tumors, Pancreatic Exocrine Tumors.

hemonc101.com, management of metastatic pancreatic cancer

oncolex.org/en/Pancreatic-cancer, Pancreatic Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/pancreas,

Pancreatic cancer statistics.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/pancreatic/HealthProfessional, Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/pancreas.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Pancreas.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, PubMed

mdanderson.org/departments/pancreatic/

imsdd.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancernet/100046.html

lustgartenfoundation.org, 866-789-1000.

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/pancreas

pancan.org, pancreatic cancer action network, 877-2pancan

pancreatica.org

pancreatic.org

path.jhu.edu/pancreas

Stomach Cancer Websites/ Gastric Cancer Websites/ Helicobacter Pylori Websites

Stomach Cancer or gastric cancer happens when malignant cells attach or create themselves in the stomach tissues.

Early symptoms can include:

indigestion

feeling bloated

mild nausea

loss of appetite

heartburn

Later symptoms are:

blood in the stool

vomiting

weight loss

pain in the stomach.

Risk factors are:

prior stomach infection by Helicobacter pylori

smoking

diet of dry salted foods

Menetrier's disease

familial polyposis.

Most stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas.

There are several sub-types.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastric/Patient, Gastric

Cancer; Patients Information.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/gastric/Patient, Stomach

(Gastric) Cancer Prevention.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/gastric/Patient, Stomach

(Gastric) Cancer Screening.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/stomach-cancer, Stomach

(gastric) cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/stomach-cancer, Stomach Cancer.

nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-stomach/Pages/Introduction.aspx, Stomach cancer.

patient.info/health/Cancer-of-the-Stomach.htm, Stomach Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/stomach/page1, What You Need to Know About Stomach Cancer- Patient's booklet.

gastro.org, American Gastroenterological Association.

cantstomachcancer.org, Can't Stomach Cancer.

nhs.uk/Services/hospitals/Services/Service/Default3.aspx?id=103 83, Northern Oesophago-Gastric (Upper Gastrointestinal) Unit.

Royal Victoria Infirmary.

oesophagoose.org, Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer Awareness

Campaign.

canceraustralia.gov.au/affected-cancer/cancer-types/stomach-cancer, Stomach Cancer.

aicr.org.uk/StomachCancerFAQs.stm, Stomach Cancer FAQs.

Association for International Cancer Research

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/stomach,

Stomach cancer statistics.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=STOMACH-ONC,

STOMACH-ONC; Stomach Tumors Electronic Support Group.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastric/HealthProfessional, Gastric Cancer Treatment.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/gastric/HealthProfessional, Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/gastric/HealthProfessional, Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Screening.

patient.info/doctor/Gastric-Carcinoma.htm, Gastric Carcinoma.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/stomach-cancer, Stomach Cancer.

amedeo.com/medicine/gca.htm, AMEDEO Medical Literature Guide; Gastric Cancer.

gastro.org, American Gastroenterological Association.

path.upmc.edu/cases/case196.html, Case study: 64-year-old woman with poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh

path.upmc.edu/cases/case60.html, Case study: Carcinoid tumor

arising in a Meckel's diverticulum in a 70 year old man.

gastricbreastcancer.com, Gastric and Breast Cancer.

library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/GIHTML/GIIDX.html, Gastrointestinal Pathology.

springer.com/medicine/oncology/journal/12029, Journal of

Gastrointestinal Cancer.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/stomach.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Stomach.

Norway

oncolex.org/en/Stomach-cancer, Stomach Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/stomach,

Stomach cancer statistics.

cancer-genetics.org/CDH1.htm, CDH1 Genetic Information.

patient.info/doctor/Helicobacter-Pylori-%28HP%29.htm,

Helicobacter Pylori.

bsg.org.uk/patients/general/helicobacter-pylori.html, Helicobacter

pylori; patients' information.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/h-pylori-cancer, Helicobacter pylori and Cancer.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Chapter 8. Colo-Rectal Cancer Guide

Colo-Rectal/ Colon Cancer/ Rectal Cancer Info

The colon is a tube-shaped organ inside the abdomen also-called the large intestine. In the last 15 centimeters of the large intestine, the muscular bands of the colon change into a pouch called the rectum where waste material is stored before defecation. The main purpose of the colon is the reabsorption of water.

When food is eaten, it passes through the stomach then the small intestines where nutrients are extracted from it for use by the body afterwhich it enters the large intestine which is made up of the colon and rectum where it's processed as waste then expelled out the back side.

Polyps are abnormal growths in this area which may be benign but could also be cancerous. A doctor can run blood tests and test your stool for the possibility of cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer among men. The rate of cure is high. Almost all cases of colorectal cancer arise from previously benign (noncancerous) adenomatous polyps.

People with ulcerative colitis are more likely to develop colon cancer.

Doctors recommend an annual digital rectal examination for all men 450 and older.

The most common screening test to detect colon cancer is the fecal occult blood test, which checks for traces of blood in samples of stool.

A more accurate test is called a ?exible sigmoidoscopy, a visual examination of the lower third of the colon and rectum that uses a probe with a light and a camera attached. The doctor looks through the viewing tube to check for polyps or signs of cancer.

A colonoscopy is a similar procedure that examines the entire length of the colon. The doctor may remove tissue for a biopsy during the test. Another test is a barium enema. Contrast medium (a dye) is inserted through the rectum into the colon and X rays are taken of the colon to look for abnormalities.

A tumor in the colon is classified by stages, according to whether it has affected only the top layer of the intestinal lining or penetrated farther down into the lining involved the surrounding lymph nodes and other parts of the body.

The only warning sign is if your stools suddenly change and there's blood in them.

Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or some combination of these.

Men and women alike over 45 should consider a test for colon-rectal cancer. There are several methods for doing this, either a gloved finger or probe up the rectum or the patient simply gathers a bit of his stool at home and the doctor inspects it under a microscope.

More advanced tests are a sigmoidoscopy, a lighted tube entered into the colon for visual inspection; x-rays with barium enema; genetic screening or a colonoscopy/ proctoscopy/ protosigmoidosscopy.

A colonoscopy/ proctoscopy/ protosigmoidosscopy is a procedure whereby a long tube is inserted into the anus up to the colon to look for signs of colon cancer and blood in the colon.

Treatment depends on the severity of the cancer. There are four stages:

Stage 1 means that the cancer has penetrated only the superficial layer of the bowel wall which is called the the mucosa.

Stage 2 means that the cancer has gone into the muscular layer of the bowel wall.

Stage 3 is when the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes.

Stage 4 colon cancer is metastatic but not all stage 4 cancers are equal. It depends on how many tumors or metastases you have.

Once you are diagnosed with colon cancer, the doctor will try to determine the severity of it. He or she will do chest x-rays to see if the cancer has spread to the lungs then cat scans to see if it has spread to other parts of the body.

Surgery is usally a colectomy or Transanal excision/ TAE, cutting into your body to remove the cancerous material and part of the colon if necessary.

You'll have to rest while it heals. Laser surgery is sometimes used. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are sometimes used both in lieu of and along with surgery.

Some people will never regain their ability to use the bathroom normally again and will need a colostomy, a bag to collect the waste from then on.

Eating fibery foods can cut the risk of colon cancer drastically.

Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer Websites

Colorectal cancer (or bowel cancer) is common.

Most of these cancers are in the colon (large intestine).

Some are in the rectum.

Common symptoms are:

a change in bowel habit (constipation and bleeding)

mucus discharge

pain in the lower abdomen.

Most colon and rectum cancers are adenocarcinomas.

Some of these are mucinous which means protein in mucus.

There is a genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer.

Diet has an influence on the incidence. Eat fibery foods.

Animal fats increase risk.

Colorectal cancer develops from benign polyps (a tumor on a stem on mucous membranes).

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/colon/Patient, Colon Cancer Treatment.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/rectal/Patient, Rectal Cancer Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/bowel-cancer, Bowel cancer

(colorectal cancer).

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/bowel, Bowel

cancer statistics.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/colon-and-rectal/page1, What You

Need to Know About Cancer of the Colon and Rectum.

youtube.com, bowel cancer.

aicr.org.uk/BowelCancerFAQs.stm, Bowel Cancer FAQs.

bowelcanceruk.org.uk, Bowel Cancer UK.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/cancer-advances-in-focus/colorectal, Cancer Advances In Focus: Colorectal Cancer.

medicinenet.com/colon_cancer/article.htm, Colon Cancer (Colorectal Cancer).

ccalliance.org, Colon Cancer Alliance.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=COLON, COLON

Colorectal Cancer Discussion List.

royalmarsden.nhs.uk/cancer-information/types/pages/colorectal-cancer.aspx, Colorectal cancer.

colostomyassociation.org.uk, Colostomy Association.

magnolia-foundation.org, Magnolia Foundation.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Colorectal Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/colon/HealthProfessional,

Colon Cancer Treatment; Information for Health Professionals.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/rectal/HealthProfessional,

Rectal Cancer Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/bowel, Bowel

cancer statistics.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/colorectal-cancer, Colorectal Cancer.

patient.info/doctor/colorectal-adenocarcinoma.htm, Colorectal

Cancer.

fascrs.org, American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons.

oncolex.org/en/Colorectal-cancer, Cancer of the colon/rectum.

corecto.com.ar, Spanish Language

pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/colorectal-cancer, Colorectal cancer; clinical pathways.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/colorect.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Colon and Rectum.

capp3.org, CaPP3 Cancer Prevention Study.

cancerinstitute.org.au/data-and-statistics/cancer-registries/hereditary-cancer-registry, Hereditary Cancer Registry; NSW.

hopkinscoloncancercenter.org

insight-group.org, International Society for Gastrointestinal

Hereditary Tumors.

cancer-genetics.org/X031.htm, Gene and Chromosome

Abnormalities (Cancer GeneWeb).

Anal Cancer Websites

Anal cancer is not common. Malignant cells are in the anus otherwise called the asshole, both the rectum (the outside) and the anus, the inside.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/anal/Patient/page1, Anal

Cancer; information for patients.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/anal-cancer, Anal Cancer

cancer.net/cancer-types/anal-cancer, Anal Cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Anal/Analcancer.aspx, Anal cancer.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Anal Cancer, Search PubMed

database for Anal Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/anal/HealthProfessional/page1, Anal Cancer Treatment; Information for Health Professionals

patient.info/doctor/Anal-Carcinoma.htm, Anal Carcinoma.

oncolex.org/en/Anal-cancer, Cancer of the Anal Canal.

startoncology.net

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/anus.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Anal Cancer.

Colon Cancer Associations, Organizations, Websites

ccalliance.org, Colon Cancer Alliance (CCA). patient organization.

colorectal-cancer.net, Colorectal Cancer Network (CCN).

nccra.org, National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance (NCCRA).

Chapter 9. Facial Area Cancer Websites

Head and Ne ck Cancer Websites

Head and neck cancers arise in the upper breathing-digestive tract which includes:

lip
tongue
salivary glands
mouth
oropharynx

nasopharynx
hypopharynx
nasal cavity
larynx

Laryngeal or voice-box cancer is the most common.

cancer-genetics.org/X1101.htm, Molecular Biology of

Head and Neck Cancers.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/head-and-neck-cancer, Head and neck cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Headneck/Headneckcancers.aspx, Head and neck cancers.

evidence.nhs.uk/topic/head-and-neck-cancers, Head and Neck

Cancers.

headandneckcancer.org, American Head and Neck Society.

bahno.org.uk, British Association of Head and Neck Oncologists.

bahnon.org.uk, British Association of Head and Neck Oncology

Nurses.

headandneck.org, Head and Neck Cancer Alliance.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/head-and-neck, Head and Neck Cancers.

pubmedcentral.nih.gov/tocrender.fcgi?journal=83&action=archive, Head and Neck Oncology.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/93, Head and Neck Pathology.

listserv.acor.org/scripts/wa-ACOR.exe?A0=HEAD-NECK-ONC,

head-neck-onc@listserv.acor.org.

ifhnos.org, International Federation of Head and Neck Oncologic

Societies.

ncin.org.uk/cancer_type_and_topic_specific_work/cancer_type_specific_work/head_and_neck_cancers/default.aspx, National Cancer

Intelligence Network: Head and Neck Cancers.

oraclecancertrust.org, Oracle Cancer Trust, A UK charity

sahnos.co.za, South African Head and Neck Oncology Society.

spohnc.org, Support for People with Oral and Head and Neck

Cancer.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Cancers of the Mouth and Throat/ Oral Cancer

Oral cancer is cancer of the lips, mouth, tongue, gums and/ or salivary glands. Throat cancer is cancer of the esophogus.

Tumors can grow on the lip, mouth, tongue and soft palate at the back of the mouth. This cancer can spread to other parts of the body, it can cause disability and even death. Oral cancer has a very high cure rate if it's treated early.

If you smoke or use smokeless tobacco, you have a high risk for oral cancer. Smokeless tobacco contains 100 times the amount of carcinagens found in other forms of tobacco.

Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing oral cancer.

Many people with AIDS (acquired immunode?ciency syndrome) get a type of cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma which produces red or purple lesions on the skin or the mucous membranes that line the mouth, nose and anus.

Sun exposure could contribute to lip cancer.

Most oral cancers develop on the surface layer of the mouth. It's called squamous cell carcinoma. If you feel pain in the mouth or see and feel sores there, go see a doctor. The doctor will perform a biopsy and examine it under a microscope.

If it's cancer, the oncologist will try to identify the stage it's at.He or she will use various imaging methods to take pictures like X rays of the head and chest, a CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging.

Oral cancer treatment starts with surgery to remove the abnormal tissue then radiation therapy and chemotherapy might be used.

Surgery will probably disfigure a part of the face. It could affect the ability to eat.

To lessen the risk of developing lip cancer, use a sunscreen outdoors.

Don't smoke. Don't chew tobacco.

cancer.gov, enter "oral complications."

cancercare.org, 800-813-hope

indiacancer.org

mayoclinic.com/health/oral-and-throat-cancer

mesotheliomarelief.org

nohic.aerie.com/campaign, cancer care and oral health.

oncolink.upenn.edu/disease/esophageal, throat cancer.

oralcancerfoundation.org

rdoc.org.uk

sohnnurse.com, sohnet@aol.com, society of otolaryngology and head-neck nurses.

technologyreview.com/biotech/11587, technology review: a new light on cancer.

wfubmc.edu/cancer/types+of+cancer

American Academy of Otolaryngology

Head and Neck Surgery

1 Prince St.

Alexandria, Va 22314

800-546-9493

703-836-4444

Fax: 703-683-5100

entnet.org

American Board of Otolaryngology

5615 Kirby Dr.

#936

Houston, Tx 77005

713-528-6200

American Head and Neck Society

203 Lothrup St.

#519

Pittsburgh, Pa 15213

412-647-2227

Fax: 412-647-8944

Support for People With

Oral, Head and Neck Cancer

20 Valley Ave.

Locust Valley, Ny 11560

516-671-7637

516-759-5333

Fax: 516-671-8794

info@spohnc.org

spohnc.org

Eye Cancer Websites

There are several types of can cers that can occur in the eyes. The most common types are:

intraocular melanoma

retinoblastoma.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/eye-cancer, Eye cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Eye/Melanomaoftheeye.aspx, Ocular melanoma (melanoma of the eye).

isoo.org, International Society of Ocular Oncology.

cancer.org/cancer/eyecancer/detailedguide/index, Eye Cancer

(Melanoma and Lymphoma).

eyecancerforum.co.uk, Eye Cancer Forum UK.

eyecancer.com, Eye Cancer Network.

mayoclinic.com/health/eye-melanoma/DS00707, Eye melanoma.

nei.nih.gov, National Eye Institute.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Eye Cancer, Search PubMed

database for Eye Cancer

patient.info/doctor/Eye-and-Optic-Nerve-Tumors.htm, Eye and

Optic Nerve Tumors.

eyecancer.com, Eye Cancer Network.

nei.nih.gov, National Eye Institute.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/eye.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Eye and Orbit.

Cancer of the Larynx/ Voicebox Websites/ Laryngeal Cancer Websites

Laryngeal cancer arises in the tissues of the larynx (voicebox).

People who smoke have a risk of developing the disease.

Most laryngeal cancers are in the squamous cell histology which can be categorized as:

keratinizing

non-keratinizing.

There are non-squamous cell laryngeal cancers.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/laryngeal/Patient, Laryngeal Cancer Treatment.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Larynx/Laryngealcancer.aspx, Cancer of the Larynx.

nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer-of-the-larynx/Pages/Introduction.aspx,

Laryngeal (larynx) cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer,

Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/larynx/page1, What You Need to

Know About Cancer of the Larynx.

cancer.org/cancer/laryngealandhypopharyngealcancer/detailedguide/index, Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/larynx, Laryngeal cancer statistics.

oncolink.org, Laryngeal Cancer: The Guide.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/larynx-cancer, Larynx or

laryngeal cancer (cancer of the voice box).

youtube.com

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Laryngeal Cancer

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/laryngeal/HealthProfessional, Laryngeal Cancer Treatment.

patient.info/doctor/laryngeal-cancer, Laryngeal Cancer.

eco.iarc.fr/EUCAN/Cancer.aspx?Cancer=17, Laryngeal cancer.

oncolex.org/en/Head-and-Neck-cancer/Diagnoses/Larynx, Laryngeal Cancer.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/larynx, Laryngeal cancer statistics.

seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/laryn.html, SEER Stat Fact Sheets:

Larynx.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, PubMed at the National Library of

Medicine, US, PubMed).

Nasopharyngeal Cancer Websites/ Nasal Cavity Cancer Websites

Nasopharyngeal cancer occurs when nasopharynx cells get toxic.

Most nasopharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas,

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/nasopharyngeal/Patient,

Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment.

cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/type/nasopharyngeal-cancer,

Nasopharyngeal cancer.

cancer.net/cancer-types/nasopharyngeal-cancer, Nasopharyngeal

cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Headneck/Typesofheadneckcancers/Nasopharynx.aspx, Nasopharyngeal cancer, cancer of the nasopharynx.

cancer.org/cancer/nasopharyngealcancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer.

throatcancerfoundation.org/about_throat_cancer/types_of_cancer/94_nasopharyngeal_cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer.

mayoclinic.com/health/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma/DS0073,

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Nasopharyngeal Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/nasopharyngeal/HealthProfessional, Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment.

startoncology.net, Cancer of nasopharynx.

radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

patient.info/doctor/Pharyngeal-Cancer.htm, Pharyngeal Cancer.

cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/13/10/1763.full, The Enigmatic

Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Parathyroid Cancer Websites

The parathyroid gland is at the base of the neck near the thyroid gland.

It manufactures parathyroid hormone, PTH which controls calcium storage and usage.

Parathyroid cancer is where the cells of the parathyroid gland become toxic with cancer cells.

Parathyroid cancers are rare.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/parathyroid/Patient,

Parathyroid Cancer Treatment.

cancer.net/cancer-types/parathyroid-cancer, Parathyroid Cancer.

macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Endocrine/Parathyroidglands.aspx, Tumors of the parathyroid glands.

parathyroid.com/parathyroid-cancer.htm, Parathyroid Cancer; Cancer of the Parathyroid Glands.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Parathyroid Cancer.

cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/parathyroid/HealthProfessional, Parathyroid Cancer Treatment.

Monday, 29 November 2021

Types of Cancer Guide

Volume 3. Types of Cancer in General

Types of Cancer 1

Chapter 2. Find Info on Cancer Types/ Find Info on Types of Cancer

Chapter 3. The Hodgkin’s Diseases

Cancer of Unknown Primary Websites

Chapter 5. kwikmed.org/turn-cancer-resources-web, Websites for Several Types of Cancer

Volume 4. Specific Types of Cancer Guide

Skin Cancer/ Melanoma

Brain Tumor/ Spinal Cord Tumor

Leukemia/ Myeloma Info

Leukemia Websites 1

Chapter 5. Lung Cancer Guide

Lung Cancer Websites 1

Chapter 6. Mesothelioma Cancer Info

Mesothelioma Websites 1

Gastrointestinal System and Digestive Cancers Websites/ GI

Chapter 8. Colo-Rectal Cancer Guide

Head and Neck Cancer Websites

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